Editing Springfield, Massachusetts (section)

{{For|the metropolitan area|Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Springfield
| nickname           = The City of Firsts; The City of Progress;<ref name="cardcow1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardcow.com/12517/city-progress-new-library-merrick-park-state-street-springfield-massachusetts/|title=The City of Progress New City Library, Merrick Park, State Street Springfield, MA|publisher=Cardcow.com|access-date=July 16, 2011|archive-date=October 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007085115/http://www.cardcow.com/12517/city-progress-new-library-merrick-park-state-street-springfield-massachusetts/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cardcow2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardcow.com/129088/city-progress-winchester-square-springfield-massachusetts/|title=The City Of Progress, Winchester Square Springfield, MA|publisher=Cardcow.com|access-date=July 16, 2011|archive-date=October 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007085216/http://www.cardcow.com/129088/city-progress-winchester-square-springfield-massachusetts/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ebooksread1">{{cite web|author1=Denis Larionov|author2=Alexander Zhulin|name-list-style=amp|url=http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/george-storrs-graves/progressive-springfield-massachusetts-var/1-progressive-springfield-massachusetts-var.shtml|title=Progressive Springfield, Massachusetts, by George Storrs Graves|publisher=Ebooksread.com|access-date=July 16, 2011|archive-date=October 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012044233/http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/george-storrs-graves/progressive-springfield-massachusetts-var/1-progressive-springfield-massachusetts-var.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> The City of Homes; A City in the Forest;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/picturesquesprin00grav#page/n3/mode/2up|title=Picturesque Springfield and West Springfield, Massachusetts|publisher=[[Internet Archive]]|access-date=December 27, 2011}}</ref> Hoop&nbsp;City;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/progressivesprin00grav#page/n1/mode/2up|title=Progressive Springfield, Massachusetts|publisher=Internet Archive|access-date=December 27, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/picturesquesprin00grav#page/n1/mode/2up|title=Picturesque Springfield and West Springfield, Massachusetts|publisher=Internet Archive|access-date=December 27, 2011}}</ref><br />[[1767 Milestones|The Western Gateway to New England]]<ref name=pricelee>{{cite book|title=The Price & Lee Co.'s Springfield Directory|date=1960|publisher=Price & Lee Co.|url=https://archive.org/stream/springfieldwests1960spri#page/n19/mode/2up/search/%22western+gateway%22|page=22|access-date=March 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Industrial Directory and Shippers' Guide|date=1921|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2bUNAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Western+Gateway+to+New+England%22&pg=PA266|page=266|publisher=New York Central Lines|access-date=March 15, 2017|archive-date=February 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215200313/https://books.google.com/books?id=2bUNAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Western+Gateway+to+New+England%22&pg=PA266|url-status=live}}</ref>
| motto              = 
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
  | total_width            = 280
  | border                 = infobox
  | perrow                 = 1/2/2/2
  | caption_align          = center
  | image1                 = Springfield-MA.jpg
  | alt1                   = Springfield skyline
  | caption1               = Springfield skyline across Connecticut River
  | image2                 = Symphony Hall - Springfield, Massachusetts - DSC03277.JPG
  | alt2                   = Symphony Hall
  | caption2               = [[Symphony Hall, Springfield|Symphony Hall]]
  | image3                 = The Puritan by St. Gaudens.jpg
  | alt3                   = The Puritan statue of pioneer Samuel Chapin
  | caption3               = [[The Puritan (Springfield, Massachusetts)|The Puritan]] statue of pioneer [[Samuel Chapin]]
  | image4                 = Court Square, Springfield MA.jpg
  | alt4                   = Court Square Historic District
  | caption4               = [[Court Square|Court Square Historic District]]
  | image5                 = Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.jpg
  | alt5                   = Basketball Hall of Fame
  | caption5               = [[Basketball Hall of Fame]]
  | image6                 = Memorial Bridge, Springfield MA.jpg
  | alt6                   = Hampden County Memorial Bridge overlooking the Connecticut River
  | caption6               = [[Memorial Bridge (Massachusetts)|Hampden County Memorial Bridge]]
  | image7                 = Springfield Armory Museum - Springfield, Massachusetts - DSC02481.JPG
  | alt7                   = Springfield Armory National Historic Site
  | caption7               = [[Springfield Armory|Springfield Armory National Historic Site]]
  }}
| image_flag         = Flag of Springfield, Massachusetts.svg
| flag_link          = Symbols of Springfield, Massachusetts#City Flag
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of Springfield, Massachusetts.svg
| image_seal         = Seal of Springfield, Massachusetts.svg
| seal_link          = Symbols of Springfield, Massachusetts#City Seal
| image_map          = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=270|frame-height=270|frame-coord=SWITCH:{{coord|qid=Q49158}}###{{coord|qid=Q54160}}###{{coord|qid=Q771}}###{{coord|39|49|41|N|90|34|46|W}}|zoom=SWITCH:11;8;6;3|type=SWITCH:shape-inverse;shape;point;point|marker=city|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#5f5f5f|id2=SWITCH:Q49158;Q54160;Q771;Q30|type2=shape|fill2=#ffffff|fill-opacity2=SWITCH:0;0.1;0.1;0.1|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#5f5f5f|stroke-opacity2=SWITCH:0;1;1;1|switch=Springfield;Hampden County;Massachusetts;the United States}}
| coordinates        = {{coord|42|06|05|N|72|35|25|W|region:US-MA_type:city(156,000)|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = State
| subdivision_name1  = [[Massachusetts]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Massachusetts|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Hampden County, Massachusetts|Hampden]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of regions of the United States|Region]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[New England]]
| established_title  = Settled <small>(town)</small>
| established_date   = {{Start date and age|1636|5|14}}
| established_title2 = Incorporated <small>(city)</small>
| established_date2  = {{Start date and age|1852|5|25}}
| founder            = [[William Pynchon]]
| named_for          = [[Springfield, Essex]]
| government_type    = [[Mayor-council government|Mayor-council city]]
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = [[Domenic Sarno]] ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
| leader_title1      = <!-- Board of<br />&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Selectmen -->
| leader_name1       = 
| area_total_km2     = 85.68
| area_total_sq_mi   = 33.08
| area_land_km2      = 82.54
| area_land_sq_mi    = 31.87
| area_water_km2     = 3.14
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| area_water_sq_mi   = 1.21
| population_rank    = [[List of United States cities by population|168th, U.S.]] {{As of|2020|lc=y}} incorporated places estimate
| population_total   = 155929
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_density_km2 = 1889.08
| population_urban   = 442,145 ([[List of United States urban areas|US: 92nd]])
| population_density_urban_km2 = 846.1
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 2,191.4
| population_metro   = 699162 ([[Metropolitan statistical area|US: 87th]])
| population_density_sq_mi = 4892.66
| population_footnotes = 
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="2010 Census MSA">{{cite web| url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/320M100US2544140| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Springfield, MA Metro Area| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| access-date=August 2, 2017| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213091645/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/320M100US2544140| archive-date=February 13, 2020| url-status=dead}}</ref>
| population_demonym = Springfieldian{{efn|While both demonyms are listed in the ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary'', there is some indication that Springfieldian is given some propriety:<br />"In at least two cases, the name of the resident depends on which state the town is in: Richmonder in Virginia but Richmondite in Indiana; Springfieldian in Massachusetts but Springfielder in Ohio."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brooke|first1=Maxey|title=Everybody Comes From Somewhere|url=http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2818&context=wordways|journal=Word Ways|publisher=Butler University|volume=16|issue=3|year=1983|pages=151–152|access-date=May 11, 2017|archive-date=August 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830053138/http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2818&context=wordways|url-status=live}}</ref>}}<br />Springfielder<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Merriam Webster English Dictionary|title=Springfieldian|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Springfieldian|access-date=May 11, 2017|language=en|edition=Online|year=2017|publisher=Merriam Webster, Inc.|location=Springfield, MA|quote=a native or resident of Springfield (such as Springfield in Illinois, Massachusetts, or Ohio): springfielder|archive-date=August 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830141956/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Springfieldian|url-status=live}}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 21
| elevation_ft       = 70
| timezone           = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset         = −5
| timezone_DST       = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset_DST     = −4
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code        = 01101–01105, 01107–01109, 01118–01119, 01128–01129, 01144, 01151
| area_code_type     = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
| area_code          = [[Area code 413|413]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 25-67000
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 0609092
| website            = {{URL|www.springfield-ma.gov}}
| pop_est_as_of      = 
| pop_est_footnotes  = 
| population_est     = 
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| subdivision_type4  = Historic countries
| subdivision_name4  = [[Kingdom of England]]<br />[[Kingdom of Great Britain]]
| subdivision_type5  = [[Colony|Historic colonies]]
| subdivision_name5  = {{Plain list|
* [[Connecticut Colony]] <small>(1636–1641)</small>
* [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] <small>(1641–1686, 1689–1691)</small>
* [[Dominion of New England]] <small>(1686–1689)</small>
* [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]] <small>(1691–1780)</small>
}}
| blank_name_sec2    = GDP
| blank_info_sec2    = {{US$|link=yes}}30&nbsp;billion<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RGMP44140|title=Total Real Gross Domestic Product for Springfield, MA (MSA)|date=January 2001|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis|access-date=December 27, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227162438/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RGMP44140|archive-date=December 27, 2017}}</ref>
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_25.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=May 21, 2022|archive-date=May 28, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528021656/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_25.txt|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}

'''Springfield''' is the most populous city in [[Hampden County, Massachusetts]], United States, and its [[county seat]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref> Springfield sits on the eastern bank of the [[Connecticut River]] near its confluence with three rivers: the western [[Westfield River]], the eastern [[Chicopee River]], and the eastern [[Mill River (Springfield, Massachusetts)|Mill River]]. At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the city's population was 155,929, making it the [[List of municipalities in Massachusetts|third most populous city]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Massachusetts]] and the fourth most populous city in [[New England]] after [[Boston]], [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]], and [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]]. [[Springfield metropolitan area, Massachusetts|Metropolitan Springfield]], as one of two metropolitan areas{{efn|Combined statistical areas (CSAs) as defined by the US Census.}} in Massachusetts (the other being [[Greater Boston]]), had a population of 699,162 in 2020.<ref name="2010 Census MSA"/>

Springfield was founded in 1636, the first [[Springfield (toponym)|Springfield]] in the New World. In the late 1700s, during the [[American Revolution]], Springfield was designated by [[George Washington]] as the site of the [[Springfield Armory]] because of its central location.  Subsequently it was the site of [[Shays' Rebellion]]. The city would also play a pivotal role in the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], as a stop on the [[Underground Railroad]] and home of abolitionist [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]], widely known for his [[John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry|raid on Harpers Ferry]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Abolitionist John Brown's years in Springfield Ma. transform his anti-slavery thoughts and actions|url=https://www.masslive.com/history/2010/04/abolitionist_john_browns_transformation_years_in_springfield_ma.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419164637/https://www.masslive.com/history/2010/04/abolitionist_john_browns_transformation_years_in_springfield_ma.html|archive-date=April 19, 2019|last=Phaneuf|first=Wayne|date=April 6, 2010}}
* {{cite web|website=Our Plural History—Springfield, MA|publisher=Springfield Technical Community College|archive-date=December 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215132426/http://ourpluralhistory.stcc.edu/resistingslavery/abolitionism.html|url=http://ourpluralhistory.stcc.edu/resistingslavery/abolitionism.html|title=Resisting Slavery, Abolitionism & the Underground Railroad|year=2009}}</ref> and for the Armory's manufacture of the famed "[[Springfield rifle]]s" used ubiquitously by Union troops. Closing during the [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] administration, today the [[National Park Service|national park]] site features the largest collection of historic American firearms in the world.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/spar/index.htm Springfield Armory National Historic Site—Springfield Armory National Historic Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323142701/http://www.nps.gov/spar/index.htm |date=March 23, 2016 }}. Nps.gov (August 2, 2013). Retrieved on August 21, 2013.</ref>

Today the city is the largest in western [[New England]], and the urban, economic, and media capital of Massachusetts' section of the [[Connecticut River Valley]], colloquially known as the [[Pioneer Valley]].
Springfield has several nicknames—"The City of Firsts", due to the [[History of Springfield, Massachusetts#"Firsts" in Springfield|many innovations developed there]], such as the [[Merriam-Webster|first American dictionary]], the [[Duryea Motor Wagon Company|first American gas-powered automobile]], and the [[Thomas Blanchard (inventor)|first machining lathe for interchangeable parts]]; "The City of Homes", due to its Victorian residential architecture; and "Hoop City", as [[basketball]] was invented in Springfield in 1891 by Canadian [[James Naismith]].

[[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], the capital of [[Connecticut]], lies {{convert|24|mi}} south of Springfield, on the western bank of the Connecticut River. The Hartford–Springfield region is known as the [[Knowledge Corridor]] because it hosts over 160,000 university students and over 32 universities and [[liberal arts colleges]]—the second-highest concentration of higher-learning institutions in the United States.<ref name="sdplotkin.com">{{cite web |url=http://sdplotkin.com/files/WMECO_Review2010.pdf |date=March 22, 2011 |title=Western Massachusetts 2010–2011 Economic Review |access-date=October 16, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204013231/http://sdplotkin.com/files/WMECO_Review2010.pdf |archive-date=February 4, 2015 }}</ref> The city of Springfield itself is home to [[Springfield College]], [[Western New England University]], [[American International College]], and [[Springfield Technical Community College]], among other higher educational institutions.
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