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Stephenson's Rocket
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{{Short description|Steam locomotive by Robert Stephenson in 1829}} {{DISPLAYTITLE:Stephenson's ''Rocket''}} {{Lead too short|date=January 2024}} {{Use British English|date=October 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}} {{Infobox locomotive | name = ''Rocket'' | powertype = Steam | image = Stephenson's Rocket drawing.jpg | alt = | caption = A contemporary drawing of ''Rocket'' | designer = | builder = [[Robert Stephenson and Company]] | ordernumber = | serialnumber = | buildmodel = | builddate = 1829 | totalproduction = | rebuilder = | rebuilddate = | numberrebuilt = | whytetype = [[0-2-2]] | uicclass = A1 n2 | gauge = {{RailGauge|4ft8.5in|allk=on}} | driverdiameter = {{cvt|4|ft|8+1/2|in|m|3}} | trailingdiameter = {{cvt|2|ft|6|in|m|2}} | minimumcurve = | wheelbase = {{cvt|7|ft|1|in|m|2}} | length = | width = | height = | axleload = {{long ton|2|12|1}}<ref name=RainhillTrials> {{cite web |url=http://www.rainhilltrials.com/userfiles/File/The_Rocket.pdf |title=Rocket |publisher=Rainhilltrials.com |access-date=22 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005010350/http://www.rainhilltrials.com/userfiles/File/The_Rocket.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2013 }} </ref> | weightondrivers = | locoweight = {{long ton|4|5}} | tenderweight = | locotenderweight = | tendertype = | fueltype = [[coke (fuel)|Coke]] | fuelcap = | watercap = | tendercap = | sandcap = | boiler = {{ubl|{{cvt|3|ft|4|in|m|0}} diameter x|{{cvt|6|ft|m|0}} length<ref name="et">{{cite web | url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1465 | title=Engineering Timelines β Rocket, Stephenson's locomotive }}</ref>}} x {{cvt|0.25|inch|mm|0}} thick<ref name="Dawson, Anthony 2019">Dawson, Anthony. Locomotives of the Victorian Railway: The Early Days of Steam. United Kingdom, Amberley Publishing, 2019.</ref> | boilerpressure = {{cvt|50|lbf/in2|kPa|-1}} | firearea = {{cvt|6|ft2|m2|0}} | tubearea = {{cvt|12.8|m2|ft2}}<ref name="et"/> | fluearea = | tubesandflues = 25 {{cvt|3|in|mm}} copper tubes | fireboxarea = {{cvt|1.6|m2|ft2}}<ref name="et"/> x {{cvt|2|ft|m}} width x {{cvt|3|ft|m}} height<ref>Smiles, Samuel. The Story of the Life of George Stephenson: Including a Memoir of His Son Robert Stephenson. United Kingdom, John Murray, 1873.</ref> | totalsurface = {{cvt|15.2|m2|ft2}}<ref name="et"/> | cylindercount = Two, outside. Angled at 38Β°<ref name="Dawson, Anthony 2019"/> | cylindersize = {{cvt|8|x|16.5|in|mm|0}}<ref>Richard, Gibbon. Stephenson's Rocket Manual: 1829 Onwards. United Kingdom, Haynes Publishing UK, 2016.</ref> | valvegear = slip eccentric with manual override | valvetype = flat slide valve with exhaust cavity | valvetravel = | valvelap = | valvelead = | transmission = | maxspeed = {{cvt|30|mph}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://collection.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/co8084947/stephensons-rocket-steam-locomotive |title=Stephenson's Rocket |publisher=The Science Museum Group |access-date=11 November 2018}}</ref> | poweroutput = | tractiveeffort = 825 lbf | factorofadhesion = | locobrakes = | locobrakeforce = | trainbrakes = | safety = | operator = {{ubl|[[Liverpool and Manchester Railway]]|[[Brampton Railway|Lord Carlisle's Railway]]}} | operatorclass = | powerclass = | numinclass = | fleetnumbers = | officialname = | nicknames = | locale = | deliverydate = | firstrundate = | lastrundate = | retiredate = | withdrawndate = | restoredate = | currentowner = [[Science Museum (London)|Science Museum]] | disposition = On static display | notes = }} '''Stephenson's ''Rocket''''' is an early [[steam locomotive]] of [[0-2-2]] [[wheel arrangement]]. It was built for and won the [[Rainhill Trials]] of the [[Liverpool and Manchester Railway]] (L&MR), held in October 1829 to show that improved locomotives would be more efficient than [[stationary steam engine]]s.{{Sfnp|Carlson|1969|pp=214β215, 219, 223}} ''Rocket'' was designed and built by [[Robert Stephenson]] in 1829, and built at the [[Forth Street Works]] of his company in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]]. Though ''Rocket'' was not the first steam locomotive, it was the first to bring together several innovations that produced the most advanced locomotive of its day. It is the most famous example of an evolving design of locomotives by Stephenson, and became the template for most steam engines in the following 150 years. The locomotive was displayed in the [[Science Museum, London|Science Museum]] in London until 2018, after which it was briefly exhibited at sites around the UK, ultimately at [[National Railway Museum]] in York. Since 2023, it has been based at the [[Locomotion Museum]] in [[Shildon]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.railwaymuseum.org.uk/node/13296 | title=Stephenson's iconic Rocket to be displayed at Locomotion in Shildon | National Railway Museum | date=2 March 2023 }}</ref>
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