Editing Steroid hormone receptor (section)

{{Short description|Group of protein families}}
'''Steroid hormone receptors''' are found in the [[cell nucleus|nucleus]], [[cytosol]], and also on the [[plasma membrane]] of target cells. They are generally [[intracellular receptor]]s (typically cytoplasmic or nuclear) and initiate [[signal transduction]] for [[steroid hormone]]s which lead to changes in gene expression over a time period of hours to days. The best studied steroid hormone [[receptor (biochemistry)|receptors]] are members of the [[nuclear receptor]] subfamily 3 (NR3) that include receptors for [[estrogen]] (group NR3A)<ref name="pmid17132854">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dahlman-Wright K, Cavailles V, Fuqua SA, Jordan VC, Katzenellenbogen JA, Korach KS, Maggi A, Muramatsu M, Parker MG, Gustafsson JA | title = International Union of Pharmacology. LXIV. Estrogen receptors | journal = Pharmacological Reviews | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 773–81 | date = Dec 2006 | pmid = 17132854 | doi = 10.1124/pr.58.4.8 | s2cid = 45996586 }}</ref> and 3-ketosteroids (group NR3C).<ref name="pmid17132855">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lu NZ, Wardell SE, Burnstein KL, Defranco D, Fuller PJ, Giguere V, Hochberg RB, McKay L, Renoir JM, Weigel NL, Wilson EM, McDonnell DP, Cidlowski JA | title = International Union of Pharmacology. LXV. The pharmacology and classification of the nuclear receptor superfamily: glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, progesterone, and androgen receptors | journal = Pharmacological Reviews | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 782–97 | date = Dec 2006 | pmid = 17132855 | doi = 10.1124/pr.58.4.9 | s2cid = 28626145 | url = http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a3cf/0ac0c7dd86bb6e22f241d1dd359a41dc3e10.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190228135151/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a3cf/0ac0c7dd86bb6e22f241d1dd359a41dc3e10.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2019-02-28 }}</ref>  In addition to nuclear receptors, several [[G protein-coupled receptor]]s and [[ion channel]]s act as [[cell surface receptor]]s for certain steroid hormones.

A steroid hormone receptor is a protein molecule located either within the cell cytoplasm or nucleus that specifically binds to steroid hormones, such as estrogen, [[progesterone]], and [[testosterone]], leading to the activation or suppression of gene expression and subsequent cellular responses. This interaction is crucial for mediating the physiological effects of steroid hormones in various tissues and organs of the body.<ref>Thornton JW, Need E, Crews D. Resurrecting the ancestral steroid receptor: ancient origin of estrogen signaling. Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5637):1714-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1086185. PMID 12805548.</ref>