Editing Stuttgart (section)

{{Short description|Capital and most populous city of Baden-Württemberg, Germany}}
{{About|the city in Germany}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox German place
|German_name = <small>{{native name|swg|Schduagert}}<br />{{native name|gsw|Stuttgart}}</small>
|image_plan         = Baden-Württemberg S.svg
|plantext           = Location within Baden-Württemberg
|Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
|Gemeindeschlüssel  = 08 1 11 000
|year               = 10th century
|type               = 
| image_skyline            = {{multiple image
 | border = infobox
 | perrow = 1/3/3/1
 | total_width = 305
 | align = center
 | caption_align = center
 |image1             = Neues Schloss Schlossplatzspringbrunnen Schlossplatz Stuttgart 2015 01.jpg
 |caption1           = [[Schlossplatz (Stuttgart)|Castle Square]] with [[New Palace, Stuttgart|New Palace]]
 |image2             = Fernsehturm Stuttgart and Full Moon Summer 2013 08.jpg
 |caption2           = [[Fernsehturm Stuttgart|TV Tower]]
 |image3             = Marquardtbau 2013 blue.jpg
 |caption3           = [[Marquardtbau]]
 |image4             = Grabkapelle auf dem Württemberg Stuttgart Rotenberg 2015 05.jpg
 |caption4           = [[Württemberg (hill)|Mount Württemberg]]
 |image5             = Kunstgebäude Schlossplatzspringbrunnen Schlossplatz Stuttgart 2015 01.jpg
 |caption5           = [[:de:Kunstgebäude Stuttgart|Kunstgebäude]]
 |image6             = Stuttgart Marktplatz nach Umgestaltung.jpg
 |caption6           = [[:de:Marktplatz (Stuttgart)|Market Square]]
 |image7             = Cannstatter Wasen 2016 Fruchtsäule 1751.jpg
 |caption7           = [[Cannstatter Volksfest|Cannstatt Wasen]]
 |image8            = Mercedes-Benz Welt pan.jpg
 |caption8          = [[Mercedes-Benz Museum|Mercedes-Benz Welt]]
 }}
|image_flag         = Flag of Stuttgart.svg
|image_coa          = DEU Stuttgart COA.svg
|coordinates        = {{Coord|48|46|39|N|09|10|48|E|type:city(636,000)_region:DE-BW|display=it}}
|state              = Baden-Württemberg
|region             = Stuttgart
|district           = {{lang|de|[[Stadtkreis]]}}
|elevation          = 245
|area               = 207.33
|population         = 100001<!-- for Category:Cities, real value is fetched via Gemeindeschlüssel --> 
|pop_urban          = 2787724 <nowiki> (31 Dec 2018)</nowiki><ref name="pop_urban">{{cite web |url=https://www.statistik-bw.de/BevoelkGebiet/MigrNation/01035055.tab?R=RV11 |title=Bevölkerung nach Nationalität – vierteljährlich |publisher=statistik-bw.de |access-date=August 7, 2019 |language=de |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308120659/https://www.statistik-bw.de/BevoelkGebiet/MigrNation/01035055.tab?R=RV11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|pop_metro          = 5465093 <nowiki> (2021)</nowiki><ref name="pop_metro">{{cite web |url=http://www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org/mitglieder/stuttgart/ |title=Stuttgart |publisher=Initiativkreis Europäische Metropolregionen |access-date=August 7, 2019 |language=de |archive-date=9 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209011332/http://www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org/mitglieder/stuttgart/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|postal_code        = 70173–70619
|area_code          = 0711
|licence            = S
|demonym = {{lang|de|Stuttgarter}}
|divisions          = 23 districts
|website            = [http://www.stuttgart.de stuttgart.de]
|mayor              = Frank Nopper<ref>[https://www.staatsanzeiger.de/wahl/oberbuergermeisterwahl-stuttgart-2020/ Oberbürgermeisterwahl Stuttgart 2020], Staatsanzeiger.</ref>
|leader_term        = 2020&ndash;28
|party              = CDU
}}

'''Stuttgart''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|t|ʌ|t|g|ɑr|t|,_|ˈ|s|t|ʊ|t|-}};<ref>{{Cite Dictionary.com|Stuttgart}}</ref> {{IPA|de|ˈʃtʊtɡaʁt|lang|De-Stuttgart2.ogg}}; [[Swabian German|Swabian]]: {{lang|swg|Schduagert|italics=yes}} {{IPA|gsw|ˈʒ̊d̥ua̯ɡ̊ɛʕd̥|}}; [[Alemannic German|Alemannic]]: {{lang|ale|Stuttgart|italics=yes}}; [[Italian language|Italian]]: {{lang|it|Stoccarda|italics=yes}}; {{small|[[names of European cities in different languages: Q-T#S|names in other languages]]}}) is the [[capital city|capital]] and [[List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population|largest city]] of the [[States of Germany|German state]] of [[Baden-Württemberg]]. It is located on the [[Neckar]] river in a fertile valley known as the ''Stuttgarter Kessel''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Städte-Vergleich: Stuttgart fällt im Ranking zurück |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.deutsche-staedte-im-vergleich-muenchen-haengt-stuttgart-im-staedteranking-ab.95449a34-fb26-4a19-92f6-870d1d1f63f3.html |access-date=2022-03-22 |publisher=stuttgarter-zeitung.de |language=de |archive-date=10 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310062931/https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.deutsche-staedte-im-vergleich-muenchen-haengt-stuttgart-im-staedteranking-ab.95449a34-fb26-4a19-92f6-870d1d1f63f3.html |url-status=live }}</ref> (Stuttgart Cauldron) and lies an hour from the [[Swabian Jura]] and the [[Black Forest]]. Stuttgart has a population of 632,865 as of 2022, making it the [[list of cities in Germany by population|sixth largest city]] in [[Germany]],<ref>{{cite web |title=The State and its people |url=https://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/en/our-state/the-state-and-its-people/ |publisher=State of Baden-Württemberg |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=27 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144704/https://www.baden-wuerttemberg.de/en/our-state/the-state-and-its-people/ |url-status=live }}</ref> while over 2.8 million people live in the city's administrative region<ref name="pop_urban" /> and nearly 5.5 million people in [[Stuttgart Metropolitan Region|its metropolitan area]],<ref name="pop_metro" /> making it the [[metropolitan regions in Germany|fourth largest metropolitan area in Germany]]. The city and metropolitan area are consistently ranked among the [[List of EU metropolitan regions by GDP#2021 ranking of top four German metropolitan regions|top 5 European metropolitan areas by GDP]]; [[Mercer (consulting firm)|Mercer]] listed Stuttgart as 21st on its 2015 [[list of cities by quality of living]];{{efn|Sixth in Germany behind [[Munich]], [[Düsseldorf]], [[Frankfurt]], [[Berlin]], and [[Hamburg]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Mercer's 2015 Quality of Living City Rankings |url=https://www.imercer.com/uploads/GM/qol2015/h5478qol2015/index.html |publisher=[[Mercer (consulting firm)|Mercer]] |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=1 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501125034/http://www.imercer.com/uploads/GM/qol2015/h5478qol2015/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}} innovation agency 2thinknow ranked the city 24th globally out of 442 cities in its Innovation Cities Index;{{efn|10th in Europe and third in Germany, behind Munich and Berlin<ref>{{cite web |date=30 July 2009 |title=Innovation Cities™ Index 2015 : Global |url=https://www.innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-index-2015-global/9609/ |access-date=14 October 2018 |publisher=Innovation-Cities.com |archive-date=27 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627152048/https://www.innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-index-2015-global/9609 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} and the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]] ranked the city as a [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network#Beta|Beta]]-status [[global city]] in their 2020 survey.<ref>{{cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2020 |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=GaWC – Research Network |publisher=Globalization and World Cities |archive-date=24 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Stuttgart was one of the host cities for the official tournaments of the [[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974]] and [[2006 FIFA World Cup]]s.

Stuttgart is unusual in the scheme of German cities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Introduction to Stuttgart |access-date=14 October 2018 |url=http://travel.nytimes.com/frommers/travel/guides/europe/germany/stuttgart/frm_stuttgart_0129010001.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=20 November 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913022131/http://travel.nytimes.com/frommers/travel/guides/europe/germany/stuttgart/frm_stuttgart_0129010001.html}}{{unreliable source? |date=February 2015}}</ref> It is spread across a variety of hills (some of them covered in [[vineyard]]s),<ref>{{cite web |title=Stuttgart, Germany |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/germany/baden-wurttemberg/stuttgart#introduction |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015003029/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/germany/baden-wurttemberg/stuttgart#introduction |url-status=live }}</ref> [[valleys]] (especially around the [[Neckar river]] and the [[Swabian Keuper-Lias Plains|Stuttgart basin]]) and [[#Parks, lakes, cemeteries and other places of interest|parks]]. The city is known as the "[[#The cradle of the automobile|cradle of the automobile]]".<ref name="Amondson">{{cite web |title=Things to Do in Germany |url=https://www.tripsavvy.com/germany-things-to-do-4138981 |website=TripSavvy.com |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015003116/https://www.tripsavvy.com/germany-things-to-do-4138981 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top Ten facts on Stuttgart, Slide 8 |url=http://www.globalblue.com/destinations/germany/top-10-facts-on-stuttgart#slide-8 |publisher=Global Blue |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015003104/http://www.globalblue.com/destinations/germany/top-10-facts-on-stuttgart#slide-8 |url-status=live }}</ref> As such, it is home to famous automobile museums like the [[Mercedes-Benz Museum]] and [[Porsche Museum]], as well as numerous auto-enthusiast magazines, which contributes to Stuttgart's status as Germany's "''Autohauptstadt''" ("car capital city"/"capital of cars").<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Friedmann |first1=Jan |last2=Gorris |first2=Lothar |date=2017-08-11 |title=Stuttgart: Eine Autostadt auf der Suche nach einer neuen mobilen Zukunft – DER SPIEGEL |language=de |work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/stuttgart-eine-autostadt-auf-der-suche-nach-einer-neuen-mobilen-zukunft-a-1161847.html |access-date=2022-04-17 |issn=2195-1349 |archive-date=17 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417113045/https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/stuttgart-eine-autostadt-auf-der-suche-nach-einer-neuen-mobilen-zukunft-a-1161847.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fischer |first=Konrad |title=Feinstaub und Fahrverbote: In Stuttgart stirbt der Diesel |url=https://www.wiwo.de/politik/deutschland/feinstaub-und-fahrverbote-in-stuttgart-stirbt-der-diesel/19846594.html |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=www.wiwo.de |date=31 May 2017 |language=de |archive-date=11 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411021933/https://www.wiwo.de/politik/deutschland/feinstaub-und-fahrverbote-in-stuttgart-stirbt-der-diesel/19846594.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hägler |first=Max |title=Vorarbeit aus Stuttgart |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/debatte-vorarbeit-aus-stuttgart-1.3546287 |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=Süddeutsche.de |date=15 June 2017 |language=de |archive-date=17 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417113045/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/debatte-vorarbeit-aus-stuttgart-1.3546287 |url-status=live }}</ref> The city's tourism [[slogan]] is "Stuttgart offers more".<ref>{{cite web |title=About Stuttgart |url=http://www.studyinstuttgart.com/about-stuttgart/ |website=StudyInStuttgart.com |publisher=Study in Stuttgart |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015003107/http://www.studyinstuttgart.com/about-stuttgart/ |archive-date=15 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Under current plans to improve transport links to the international infrastructure (as part of the [[Stuttgart 21]] project), Stuttgart unveiled a new city logo and slogan in March 2008, describing itself as "''{{lang|de|Das neue Herz Europas}}''" ("The new Heart of Europe").<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg |url=https://www.stuttgart.de/item/show/305802/1/dept/138688 |publisher=City of Stuttgart |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416130018/http://www.stuttgart.de/item/show/305802/1/dept/138688 |archive-date=16 April 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> For business, it describes itself as "Where business meets the future". In July 2010, the city unveiled a new logo, designed to entice more business people to stay in the city and enjoy breaks in the area.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kessel.tv/2010/07/will-jemand-eis-da-isses-neues-logo-fur-stuttgart/ |title="Will Jemand Eis?" Da Isses: Neues Logo für Stuttgart |publisher=Kessel.tv |date=27 July 2009 |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015045035/https://www.kessel.tv/2010/07/will-jemand-eis-da-isses-neues-logo-fur-stuttgart/ |archive-date=15 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Since the seventh millennium BC, the Stuttgart area has been an important agricultural area and has been host to a number of cultures seeking to utilize the rich soil of the [[Neckar valley]]. The [[Roman Empire]] conquered the area in AD 83 and built a massive {{lang|la|[[castrum]]}} near [[Bad Cannstatt]], making it the most important regional centre for several centuries. Stuttgart's roots were truly laid in the tenth century with its founding by [[Liudolf, Duke of Swabia|Liudolf]], [[Duke of Swabia]], as a [[stud farm]] for his warhorses. Initially overshadowed by nearby Bad Cannstatt, the town grew steadily and was granted a charter in 1320. The fortunes of Stuttgart turned with those of the [[House of Württemberg]], and they made it the capital of their [[county of Württemberg|county]], [[duchy of Württemberg|duchy]], and [[kingdom of Württemberg|kingdom]] from the 15th century to 1918. Stuttgart prospered despite setbacks in the [[Thirty Years' War]] and devastating air raids by the Allies on the city and its automobile production during [[World War II]]. However, by 1952, the city had bounced back and became the major cultural, economic, industrial, financial, tourism and publishing centre it is today.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stuttgart |url=http://world-cities.eu/regions/2015-2016/indian-cities/eu/stuttgart/ |website=world-cities.eu |publisher=[[European Union]] |access-date=14 October 2018 |archive-date=15 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015002842/http://world-cities.eu/regions/2015-2016/indian-cities/eu/stuttgart/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Stuttgart is known for its strong [[high-tech]] industry, especially in the [[automotive sector]]. It has the highest general standard of prosperity of any German city. In addition to many [[Mittelstand|medium-sized companies]], several major corporations are headquartered in Stuttgart, including [[Porsche]], [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], [[Exyte]], and [[Mercedes-Benz Group]]. Stuttgart is an important [[financial center]]; the [[Börse Stuttgart|Stuttgart Stock Exchange]] is the second largest in Germany (after [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange|Frankfurt]]), and the [[Landesbank Baden-Württemberg]] (LBBW) is Germany's largest [[Landesbank]]. Stuttgart is also a major transport junction; it is among the most congested conurbations of Europe, and [[Stuttgart Airport|its airport]] is the [[List of the busiest airports in Germany|sixth-busiest in Germany]] (2019). Stuttgart is a city with a high number of immigrants; according to [[Dorling Kindersley]]'s ''[[#{{sfnref|Dorling|2001}} |Eyewitness Travel Guide to Germany]]'', "In the city of Stuttgart, every third inhabitant is a foreigner."{{sfn|Dorling|2001|p=15}} 40% of Stuttgart's residents, and 64% of the population below the age of five, are of immigrant background.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Presse/pm/2007/05/PD07__183__12521,templateId=renderPrint.psml |title=Neue Daten zur Migration in Deutschland verfügbar |publisher=Destatis.de |date=20 October 2008 |access-date=14 October 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718231934/http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Presse/pm/2007/05/PD07__183__12521,templateId=renderPrint.psml |archive-date=18 July 2011}}</ref> In the rest of Germany, 28.7% of people are of immigrant background, with a relatively higher percentage living in cities and former western Germany (such as Stuttgart).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bildung |first=Bundeszentrale für politische |date=2023-04-29 |title=Bevölkerung mit Migrationshintergrund |url=https://www.bpb.de/kurz-knapp/zahlen-und-fakten/soziale-situation-in-deutschland/61646/bevoelkerung-mit-migrationshintergrund/ |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=bpb.de |language=de}}</ref>