Editing Stye (section)

{{Short description|Swelling of the eyelid due to infection of an oil gland}}
{{About|the swelling of an eyelid|the enclosure for raising pigs|Sty|other uses|Sty (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Stye
| synonyms        = Sty, hordeolum<ref name=Pub2016/>
| image           = Stye02.jpg
| caption         = An external stye on the upper eyelid
| field           = [[Ophthalmology]], [[optometry]]
| pronounce       = Stye {{IPAc-en|s|t|aɪ}}, hordeolum {{IPAc-en|h|ɔːr|ˈ|d|iː|ə|l|ə|m}}
| symptoms        = Red tender bump at the edge of the eyelid<ref name=Pub2016/>
| complications   = 
| onset           = Any age<ref name=Fer2016/>
| duration        = Few days or weeks<ref name=Lind2017/>
| types           = 
| causes          = [[bacterial infection]] by ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''<ref name=Lind2017/>
| risks           = 
| diagnosis       = 
| differential    = [[Chalazion]]<ref name=NIH2010/>
| prevention      = 
| treatment       = [[Warm compresses]], [[antibiotic]] eye ointment<ref name=AFP2015/><ref name=EM2013/>
| medication      = 
| prognosis       = 
| frequency       = 
| deaths          = 
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
A '''stye''', also known as a '''hordeolum''', is a bacterial infection of an [[oil gland]] in the [[eyelid]].<ref name=NIH2010>{{cite web|title=Eyelid Disorders Chalazion & Stye|url=https://nei.nih.gov/faqs/eyelid-disorders-chalazion-stye|website=NEI|access-date=14 October 2016|date=4 May 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018231753/https://nei.nih.gov/faqs/eyelid-disorders-chalazion-stye|archive-date=18 October 2016}}</ref> This results in a red tender bump at the edge of the eyelid.<ref name=Pub2016>{{cite web|title=Hordeolum (Stye)|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024863/|website=PubMed Health|access-date=14 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908184822/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024863/|archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=AFP2015>{{cite journal|last1=Carlisle|first1=RT|last2=Digiovanni|first2=J|title=Differential Diagnosis of the Swollen Red Eyelid.|journal=American Family Physician|date=15 July 2015|volume=92|issue=2|pages=106–12|pmid=26176369}}</ref> The outside or the inside of the eyelid can be affected.<ref name=Lind2017/>

<!-- Cause and diagnosis -->
The cause of a stye is usually a [[bacterial infection]] by ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''.<ref name=Lind2017>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lindsley K, Nichols JJ, Dickersin K |title=Non-surgical interventions for acute internal hordeolum |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev | volume=1| pages=CD007742 |date=2017 |issue=1 | pmid=28068454 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007742.pub4 | pmc=5370090}}</ref><ref name=EM2013>{{cite journal|last1=Deibel|first1=JP|last2=Cowling|first2=K|title=Ocular inflammation and infection.|journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America|date=May 2013|volume=31|issue=2|pages=387–97|pmid=23601478|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2013.01.006}}</ref> Internal styes are due to infection of the [[meibomian gland]] while external styes are due to an infection of the [[gland of Zeis]].<ref name=AFP2015/> A [[chalazion]] on the other hand is a blocked meibomian gland without infection.<ref name=NIH2010/> A chalazion is typically in the middle of the eyelid and not painful.<ref name=AFP2015/>

<!-- Prevention and treatment -->
Often a stye will go away without any specific treatment in a few days or weeks.<ref name=Lind2017/> Recommendations to speed improvement include [[warm compresses]].<ref name=AFP2015/> Occasionally [[antibiotic]] eye ointment may be recommended.<ref name=EM2013/> While these measures are often recommended, there is little evidence for use in internal styes.<ref name=Lind2017/><!-- Quote = We did not find any evidence for or against the effectiveness of non‐surgical interventions for the treatment of an internal hordeolum. --> The frequency at which styes occur is unclear, though they may occur at any age.<ref name=Fer2016>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017: 5 Books in 1|date=2016|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323448383|page=1219|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rRhCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1219|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018212146/https://books.google.ca/books?id=rRhCDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1219|archive-date=2016-10-18}}</ref>