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Styrene
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{{short description|Chemical compound}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} {{chembox |Verifiedfields = changed |Watchedfields = changed |verifiedrevid = 477173358 |Name = Styrene |ImageFile = Styrene-2D.svg |ImageSize = 150px |ImageFile1 = Styrene-from-xtal-2001-3D-balls.png |ImageSize1 = 180px |ImageFileL1 = Styrene-from-xtal-2001-3D-sf.png |ImageFileR1 = Styrene-elpot-3D-vdW.png |ImageName = Styrene |IUPACName=Styrene<ref>[https://www.pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/7501#section=IUPAC-Name&fullscreen=true Styrene on PubChem] </ref> |SystematicName = Ethenylbenzene<ref name=iupac2013>{{cite book |title=Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book) |publisher=[[Royal Society of Chemistry]] |location=Cambridge |date=2014 |chapter=Front Matter |pages=P001–P004 |doi=10.1039/9781849733069-FP001 |isbn=978-0-85404-182-4}}</ref> |OtherNames = Styrene<ref name=iupac2013 /><br />Vinylbenzene<br />Phenylethene<br />Phenylethylene<br />Cinnamene<br />Styrol<br />Diarex HF 77<br />Styrolene<br />Styropol |Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |CASNo = 100-42-5 |Beilstein = 1071236 |ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |ChemSpiderID = 7220 |ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |ChEBI = 27452 |ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |ChEMBL = 285235 |EC_number = 202-851-5 |Gmelin = 2991 |RTECS = WL3675000 |PubChem = 7501 |KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} |KEGG = C07083 |UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |UNII = 44LJ2U959V |UNNumber = 2055 |StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |StdInChI = 1S/C8H8/c1-2-8-6-4-3-5-7-8/h2-7H,1H2 |StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |StdInChIKey = PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |SMILES = c1ccccc1C=C }} |Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |Formula = C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>8</sub> |MolarMass = 104.15 g/mol |Appearance = colorless oily liquid |Odor = sweet, floral<ref name=PGCH/> |Density = 0.909 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |Solubility = 0.03% (20 °C)<ref name=PGCH/> |MeltingPtC = -30 |BoilingPtC = 145 |Viscosity = 0.762 [[Poise (unit)|cP]] at 20 °C |RefractIndex = 1.5469 |VaporPressure = 5 mmHg (20 °C)<ref name=PGCH/> |MagSus = {{val|-6.82e-5|u=cm<sup>3</sup>/mol}} |LogP =2.70<ref name="chemsrc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chemsrc.com/en/cas/100-42-5_28937.html|title=Styrene|website=www.chemsrc.com}}</ref> }} |Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |Dipole = 0.13 [[Debye|D]] }} |Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |ExternalSDS = [https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/sds/sial/s4972?srsltid=AfmBOoqC4gnp2hBmP--rrKKfV5nSnCJxjoWx_cfFDel8mCnDQR53IbZM SDS] |MainHazards = flammable, toxic, [[probable carcinogen|probably carcinogenic]] |FlashPtC = 31 |NFPA-F = 3 |NFPA-H = 2 |NFPA-R = 2 |GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS08}} |GHSSignalWord = Danger |HPhrases = {{H-phrases|226|315|319|332|361|372}} |PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|202|210|233|240|241|242|243|260|261|264|270|271|280|281|302+352|303+361+353|304+312|304+340|305+351+338|308+313|312|314|321|332+313|337+313|362|370+378|403+235|405|501}} |PEL = TWA 100 ppm C 200 ppm 600 ppm (5-minute maximum peak in any 3 hours)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0571}}</ref> |ExploLimits = 0.9–6.8%<ref name=PGCH/> |IDLH = 700 ppm<ref name=PGCH/> |LC50 = 2194 ppm (mouse, 4 [[hour|h]])<br/>5543 ppm (rat, 4 h)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|100425|Styrene}}</ref> |REL = TWA 50 ppm (215 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<br/> ST 100 ppm (425 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/> |LCLo = 10,000 ppm (human, 30 min)<br/>2771 ppm (rat, 4 h)<ref name=IDLH/> }} |Section8 = {{Chembox Related |OtherFunction_label = styrenes;<br/>related [[aromatic]] compounds |OtherFunction = [[polystyrene]], [[stilbene]];<br/>[[ethylbenzene]] }} }} '''Styrene''' is an [[organic compound]] with the [[chemical formula]] C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CH=CH<sub>2</sub>. Its structure consists of a [[vinyl group]] as [[substituent]] on [[benzene]]. Styrene is a colorless, oily [[liquid]], although aged samples can appear yellowish. The compound evaporates easily and has a sweet smell, although high concentrations have a less pleasant odor.{{Vague|date=August 2023}} Styrene is the precursor to [[polystyrene]] and several copolymers, and is typically made from benzene for this purpose. Approximately 25 million tonnes of styrene were produced in 2010,<ref name="DOE2010">{{cite web |url=http://www1.eere.energy.gov/office_eere/pdfs/exelus_case_study.pdf |title=New Process for Producing Styrene Cuts Costs, Saves Energy, and Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421082549/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/office_eere/pdfs/exelus_case_study.pdf |archive-date=21 April 2013 |publisher=US Department of Energy}}</ref> increasing to around 35 million tonnes by 2018. {{TOC limit|3}}
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