Editing Sudharmono (section)

{{Short description|Vice President of Indonesia from 1988 to 1993}}
{{Indonesian name}}
{{Use dmy dates|date = May 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image               = Sudharmono Official Portrait.jpg
| caption             = Official portrait, 1988
| order               = 5th
| office              = Vice President of Indonesia
| term_start          = 11 March 1988
| term_end            = 11 March 1993
| president           = [[Suharto]]
| predecessor         = [[Umar Wirahadikusumah]]
| successor           = [[Try Sutrisno]]
| order1              = 4th
| office1             = Golkar#Chairpersons{{!}}General Chairman of Golkar
| term_start1         = 25 October 1983
| term_end1           = 25 October 1988
| predecessor1        = [[Amir Murtono]]
| successor1          = [[Wahono]]
| office2             = Ministerial roles
| suboffice2          = [[Cabinet of Indonesia|Secretariat of the Cabinet]]
| subterm2            = 1966–1968
| suboffice3          = [[Ministry of State Secretariat (Indonesia)#List of ministers|State Minister/State Secretary]]
| subterm3            = 1972–1988
| suboffice4          = [[Cabinet of Indonesia|Secretariat of the Cabinet]]
| subterm4            = 1973–1980
| suboffice5          = [[Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Indonesia)|Acting Minister of Information]]
| subterm5            = 1977–1978
| suboffice6          = [[List of Ministers of Home Affairs (Indonesia)|Minister of Home Affairs]]
| subterm6            = 1982–1983
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1927|03|12|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[Gresik Regency|Grissee]], [[Dutch East Indies]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|2006|01|25|1927|03|12|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[Jakarta]], Indonesia
| resting_place       = [[Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery]]
| party               = [[Golkar]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|Ratu Emma Norma|1951}}
| occupation          = {{hlist|Politician|army officer}}
| signature           = Signature of Sudharmono.svg
| nickname            = Pak Dar
| allegiance          = [[Indonesia]]
| branch              = [[Indonesian Army]]
| serviceyears        = 1945–1968
| rank                = [[Lieutenant general]]
| commands            = {{ubl|Ronggolawe Division|Supreme Operations}}
| battles             = {{ubl|[[Indonesian National Revolution]]|[[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation|Operation Dwikora]]}}
| military_blank1     = [[Central Registration Number|Service no.]]
| military_data1      = 16078
}}
'''Sudharmono''' ([[Van Ophuijsen Spelling System|EVO]]: '''Soedharmono'''; 12 March 1927 – 25 January 2006),{{sfn|Sira|2003}} also known by his nickname '''Pak Dar''',{{sfn|Harahap|2020}} was an [[Indonesian Army officer]] and politician who served as the fifth [[vice president of Indonesia]] from 1988 until 1993 under the [[New Order (Indonesia)|New Order]] regime. Previously, he served in several positions in the [[Government of Indonesia|government]] and [[Indonesian National Armed Forces|military]], including as the [[Golkar#List of chairmen|Chairman]] of [[Golkar]],  [[Ministry of State Secretariat (Indonesia)|State Secretary]] of Indonesia, and a [[lieutenant general]] in the [[Indonesian Army|army]].{{sfn|Tokoh Indonesia|2005}}

Sudharmono was born on 12 March 1927, in [[Gresik Regency|Gresik]], [[East Java]].{{sfn|Glo|2006}} He completed his [[Middle School]] education in 1945. Following the [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence]], he dropped out from any further education to join the [[Indonesian Army|army]] in the [[Indonesian National Revolution]]. He became the Commander of the Ronggolawe Division in the army, a position which he held throughout the war. After the Dutch retreated from Indonesia in 1949, Sudharmono completed his [[Secondary education]] before going to [[Jakarta]] in 1952 to join the [[Indonesian Military Academy|Military Law Academy]], which he completed the course in 1956.{{sfn|Saptoyo|2021}} He then served in [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]], as an Army Attorney from 1957 to 1961. He remained in the army until 1968 and served in the [[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]] and the Supreme Operations Command (KOTI).{{sfn|Regina|Suwirta|2018| p = 136}}

Following the [[Transition to the New Order|Fall]] of [[Sukarno]], after the [[30 September Movement]], and after the rise of [[Suharto]], Sudharmono left the army after being named Cabinet Secretary as well as Chairman of the Economic Stability Council by Suharto. In 1970, Sudharmono was moved from the position of Cabinet Secretary to the State Secretary, a position which allowed him to assist Suharto in the day-to-day running of the Government.{{sfn|Maryadi|2006}} At the 1983 [[Golkar]] National Conference, with Suharto's support, Sudharmono was elected as the [[Golkar#List of chairmen|Chairman of Golkar]].{{sfn|Effendy|Thohari|Novianto|Nubowo|2012| pp = 109-111}} In 1988, during the election of vice president at the [[People's Consultative Assembly#1988 General Session|General Assembly]] of the [[People's Consultative Assembly]] (MPR), he was elected as vice president to accompany Suharto.{{sfn|Gautama|2021}}

As vice president, Sudharmono was extremely active in governing.{{sfn|Bach|2019}} Despite this, however, the military showed their displeasure at Sudharmono's election as vice president, as he represented the civil and bureaucratic wing of Golkar. This culminated in March 1993, during the [[People's Consultative Assembly#1993 General Session|General Assembly]] of the MPR, where the army nominated [[Try Sutrisno]] as vice president without the consent of Suharto. Although Suharto was likely displeased, Suharto did not want an open conflict with the military deputies and accepted Try as his vice president.{{sfn|Rahman|Budiyono|1999}} Following the end of his term, he published two books, both [[biography|autobiographies]]. In May 1998, on the eve of [[Fall of Suharto|Suharto's fall]], Sudharmono, together with former vice presidents [[Umar Wirahadikusumah]], and Try Sutrisno, visited Suharto at his residence to discuss possible options.{{sfn|Galih|2016}} Sudharmono died on 25 January 2006, after being treated at Metropolitan Medical Center hospital.{{sfn|Maryadi|2006}} His body was interred in the [[Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery]], [[Jakarta]].{{sfn|Glo|2006}}