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Surface layer
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{{Short description|Layer of a turbulent fluid affected by interaction with a surface}} [[Image:Surface layer.jpg|thumb|400px|The surface layer is the layer in a fluid where the scale of turbulent [[eddies|eddy]] is limited by the eddies' proximity to an interface. The objects highlighted in white above are turbulent eddies whose size is constrained by the proximity of the center of each eddy to the surface.]] The '''surface layer''' is the layer of a turbulent fluid most affected by interaction with a solid surface or the surface separating a gas and a liquid where the characteristics of the [[turbulence]] depend on distance from the interface. Surface layers are characterized by large normal [[gradient]]s of [[tangential]] [[velocity]] and large concentration gradients of any substances ([[temperature]], [[moisture]], [[sediments]] et cetera) [[transport]]ed to or from the interface. The term '''[[boundary layer]]''' is used in [[meteorology]] and [[oceanography|physical oceanography]]. The atmospheric surface layer is the lowest part of the [[atmospheric boundary layer]] (typically the bottom 10% where the [[log wind profile]] is valid). The ocean has two surface layers: the [[benthic]], found immediately above the [[sea floor]], and the [[marine (ocean)|marine]] surface layer, at the air-sea [[Interface (chemistry)|interface]].
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