Editing Surface modification (section)

{{Short description|Act of modifying the surface of a material}}
'''Surface modification''' is the act of modifying the surface of a material by bringing physical, chemical or biological characteristics different from the ones originally found on the surface of a material.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Carroll |first1=Gregory T. |last2=Rengifo |first2=Hernan R. |last3=Grigoras |first3=Cristian |last4=Mammana |first4=Angela |last5=Turro |first5=Nicholas J. |last6=Koberstein |first6=Jeffrey T. |date=2017 |title=Photogeneration of "clickable" surface-bound polymer scaffolds |journal=Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry |language=en |volume=55 |issue=7 |pages=1151–1155 |doi=10.1002/pola.28485 |bibcode=2017JPoSA..55.1151C |issn=0887-624X|doi-access=free }}</ref>
This modification is usually made to solid materials, but it is possible to find examples of the modification to the surface of specific liquids.

The modification can be done by different methods with a view to altering a wide range of characteristics of the surface, such as: roughness,<ref name="vacuum2010">{{cite journal|author1=R. V. Lapshin |author2=A. P. Alekhin |author3=A. G. Kirilenko |author4=S. L. Odintsov |author5=V. A. Krotkov |year=2010|title=Vacuum ultraviolet smoothing of nanometer-scale asperities of poly(methyl methacrylate) surface|journal=Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques|volume=4|issue=1|pages=1–11|issn=1027-4510|doi=10.1134/S1027451010010015|bibcode=2010JSIXS...4....1L |s2cid=97385151 |url=http://www.lapshin.fast-page.org/publications.htm#vacuum2010|format=PDF|url-access=subscription}} ([http://www.lapshin.fast-page.org/publications.htm#vacuum2010 Russian translation] is available).</ref> hydrophilicity,<ref name="synthesis2010">{{cite journal|author1=A. P. Alekhin |author2=G. M. Boleiko |author3=S. A. Gudkova |author4=A. M. Markeev |author5=A. A. Sigarev |author6=V. F. Toknova |author7=A. G. Kirilenko |author8=R. V. Lapshin |author9=E. N. Kozlov |author10=D. V. Tetyukhin |year=2010|title=Synthesis of biocompatible surfaces by nanotechnology methods|journal=Nanotechnologies in Russia|volume=5|issue=9–10|pages=696–708|issn=1995-0780|doi=10.1134/S1995078010090144|s2cid=62897767 |url=http://www.lapshin.fast-page.org/publications.htm#synthesis2010|format=PDF}} ([http://www.lapshin.fast-page.org/publications.htm#synthesis2010 Russian translation] is available).</ref> surface charge,<ref>Bertazzo, S. & Rezwan, K. (2009) Control of α-alumina surface charge with carboxylic acids. Langmuir.</ref> [[surface energy]], biocompatibility<ref name="synthesis2010"/><ref>Bertazzo, S., Zambuzzi, W. F., da Silva, H. A., Ferreira, C. V.  & Bertran, C. A. (2009) Bioactivation of alumina by surface modification: A possibility for improving the applicability of alumina in bone and oral repair. Clinical Oral Implants Research 20: 288-293.</ref>  and reactivity.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Gabor London, Kuang-Yen Chen, Gregory T. Carroll and Ben L. Feringa| title = Towards Dynamic Control of Wettability by Using Functionalized Altitudinal Molecular Motors on Solid Surfaces  | year = 2013 | journal = [[Chemistry: A European Journal]] | issue = 32 | pages = 10690–10697 | doi = 10.1002/chem.201300500 | pmid = 23784916  | volume = 19| s2cid = 5759186 | url = https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/en/publications/towards-dynamic-control-of-wettability-by-using-functionalized-altitudinal-molecular-motors-on-solid-surfaces(d37ada79-57a1-4d72-a96b-4862185a3f8f).html  }}</ref>