Editing Synaptic vesicle (section)

{{Short description|Neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse}}
{{Infobox microanatomy
| Name        = Synaptic vesicle
| Latin       = vesicula synaptica
| Image       = Synapse diag1.svg
| Caption     = Neuron '''A''' (transmitting) to neuron '''B''' (receiving).<br />'''1'''.&nbsp;[[Mitochondrion]];<br /> '''2'''.&nbsp;Synaptic vesicle with [[neurotransmitters]];<br />'''3'''.&nbsp;Autoreceptor<br />'''4'''.&nbsp;[[Synapse]] with neurotransmitter released ([[serotonin]]);<br />'''5'''.&nbsp;Postsynaptic receptors activated by neurotransmitter (induction of a [[postsynaptic potential]]);<br />'''6'''.&nbsp;[[Calcium channel]];<br />'''7'''.&nbsp;[[Exocytosis]] of a vesicle;<br />'''8'''.&nbsp;Recaptured neurotransmitter.
| Width       =
| Image2      =
| Caption2    =
| System      = [[Nervous system]]
}}
[[File:A-dynamin-1--dynamin-3--and-clathrin-independent-pathway-of-synaptic-vesicle-recycling-mediated-by-elife01621fs001.jpg| thumb|220x124px | right]]

In a [[neuron]], '''synaptic vesicles''' (or '''neurotransmitter vesicles''') store various [[neurotransmitter]]s that are [[exocytosis|released]] at the [[chemical synapse|synapse]]. The release is regulated by a [[voltage-dependent calcium channel]]. [[Vesicle (biology)|Vesicles]] are essential for propagating [[nerve impulse]]s between neurons and are constantly recreated by the [[cell (biology)|cell]]. The area in the [[axon]] that holds groups of vesicles is an [[axon terminal]] or "terminal bouton". Up to 130 vesicles can be released per bouton over a ten-minute period of stimulation at 0.2&nbsp;Hz.<ref name="count09">{{cite journal | last1 = Ikeda | first1 = K | last2 = Bekkers | first2 = JM | year = 2009 | title = Counting the number of releasable synaptic vesicles in a presynaptic terminal | journal = Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 106 | issue = 8| pages = 2945–50 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0811017106 | pmid = 19202060 | pmc=2650301| bibcode = 2009PNAS..106.2945I | doi-access = free }}</ref> In the [[visual cortex]] of the human brain, synaptic vesicles have an average diameter of 39.5&nbsp;[[nanometer]]s (nm) with a standard deviation of 5.1&nbsp;nm.<ref name="Qu_2009">{{cite journal|last1=Qu|first1=Lei|last2=Akbergenova|first2=Yulia|last3=Hu|first3=Yunming|last4=Schikorski|first4=Thomas|title=Synapse-to-synapse variation in mean synaptic vesicle size and its relationship with synaptic morphology and function|journal=The Journal of Comparative Neurology|date=March 2009|volume=514|issue=4|pages=343–352|doi=10.1002/cne.22007 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122264646/abstract|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130105080437/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122264646/abstract|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-01-05|pmid=19330815|s2cid=23965024|url-access=subscription}}</ref>