Editing Systems neuroscience (section)

{{Short description|Subdiscipline of neuroscience and systems biology}}
{{More footnotes|date=December 2012}}
'''Systems neuroscience''' is a subdiscipline of [[neuroscience]] and [[systems biology]] that studies the structure and function of various neural circuits and systems that make up the central nervous system of an organism.<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Klaes |first=Christian |title=Chapter 28 - Invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces and Neural Recordings From Humans |date=2018-01-01 |work=Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience |volume=28 |pages=527–539 |editor-last=Manahan-Vaughan |editor-first=Denise |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128120286000288 |access-date=2024-09-26 |series=Handbook of  Neural Plasticity Techniques |publisher=Elsevier}}</ref> Systems neuroscience encompasses a number of areas of study concerned with how [[neuron|nerve cells]] behave when connected together to form [[neural pathway]]s, [[neural circuit]]s, and larger [[large scale brain networks|brain networks]].  At this level of analysis, neuroscientists study how different neural circuits work together to analyze sensory information, form perceptions of the external world, form emotions, make decisions, and execute movements.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rizzolatti |first=Giacomo |last2=Fabbri‐Destro |first2=Maddalena |last3=Caruana |first3=Fausto |last4=Avanzini |first4=Pietro |date=August 2018 |title=System neuroscience: Past, present, and future |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cns.12997 |journal=CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics |language=en |volume=24 |issue=8 |pages=685–693 |doi=10.1111/cns.12997 |issn=1755-5930 |pmc=6490004 |pmid=29924477}}</ref> Researchers in systems neuroscience are concerned with the relation between [[molecular neuroscience|molecular]] and [[cellular neuroscience|cellular]] approaches to understanding brain structure and function, as well as with the study of high-level mental functions such as [[cognitive linguistics|language]], [[memory]], and [[Consciousness#Neural correlates|self-awareness]] (which are the purview of [[behavioral neuroscience|behavioral]] and [[cognitive neuroscience|cognitive]] neuroscience). To deepen their understanding of these relations and understanding, systems neuroscientists typically employ techniques for understanding networks of neurons as they are seen to function, by way of [[electrophysiology]] using either [[single-unit recording]] or multi-electrode recording, [[functional magnetic resonance imaging]] (fMRI), and [[Positron emission tomography|PET scans]].<ref name=":0" /> The term is commonly used in an educational framework:  a common sequence of graduate school neuroscience courses consists of cellular/molecular neuroscience for the first semester, then systems neuroscience for the second semester.  It is also sometimes used to distinguish a subdivision within a neuroscience department in a university.