Editing TSMC (section)

{{short description|Taiwanese semiconductor foundry company}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Taiwan Semiconductor Company Limited]] (TSC)}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited
| logo = Tsmc.svg
| logo_upright = 0.9
| image = TSMC factory in Taichung's Central Taiwan Science Park.jpg
| image_caption = One of TSMC's factories in Taichung's [[Central Taiwan Science Park]]
| image_upright = 1.15
| trading_name = 
| native_name = 台積電
| native_name_lang = zh-tw
| romanized_name = 
| former_name = 
| former type = 
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list|{{TSE|2330}} | {{NYSE|TSM}} | {{London Stock Exchange|OLCV}} }}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|US8740391003}}
| industry = {{Unbulleted list
  | [[Semiconductor]]s
}}
| fate = 
| predecessor = 
| successor = 
| foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1987|2|21}}, in [[Industrial Technology Research Institute]], [[Hsinchu]], Taiwan
| founder = [[Morris Chang]]
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| location_city = [[Hsinchu Science Park]]
| location_country = Taiwan
| locations = <!-- Number of locations, stores, offices, etc. -->
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[C. C. Wei (business executive)|C. C. Wei]] (president, chairman and CEO)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/3148 |title=TSMC Shareholders Elect Board of Directors; Board of Directors Unanimously Elects Dr. C.C. Wei as Chairman and CEO | publisher=TSMC | date=4 June 2024 |access-date=7 June 2024 |archive-date=7 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607021200/https://pr.tsmc.com/english/news/3148 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| products = 
| brands = 
| production = {{unbulleted list|{{decrease}} 12 million 12-inch equivalent wafers (2023)}}
| services = {{hlist|Manufacture of [[integrated circuit]]s|mask services|[[integrated circuit packaging]]|multi wafer foundry services}}
| revenue = {{increase}} {{US$|90.08&nbsp;billion|link=yes}} (2024)
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{US$|41.14 billion}} (2024)
| net_income = {{increase}} {{US$|36.49 billion}} (2024)
| assets = {{nowrap|{{increase}} {{US$|204.22 billion}} (2024)}}
| equity = {{increase}} {{US$|131.94 billion}} (2024)
| owner = 
| num_employees = 73,090 (2024)<ref>{{cite web
 |title=Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing
 |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/taiwan-semiconductor/
 |website=Forbes
 |access-date=January 26, 2025
}}</ref>
| parent = 
| divisions = [[Systems on Silicon Manufacturing|SSMC]] (38.8% joint venture with [[NXP]])
| subsid = {{unbulleted list|WaferTech|TSMC Nanjing Company Ltd.|[[Japan Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing|JASM]]}}
| homepage = {{url|https://www.tsmc.com/|tsmc.com}}
| footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company |url=http://www.tsmc.com/ |access-date=19 May 2014 |publisher=TSMC |archive-date=6 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106011113/http://www.tsmc.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=AR>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001046179/000119312524099840/d592628d20f.htm |title=TSMC Ltd 2023 Annual Report (Form 20-F) |date=18 April 2024 |website=SEC.gov |publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] |access-date=27 October 2024 |archive-date=2024-10-26 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241026165406/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001046179/000119312524099840/d592628d20f.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
| bodystyle = 
| module = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes
| t = 台灣積體電路製造股份有限公司
| tl= Tâi-uân tsik-thé tiān-lōo tsè-tsō kóo-hūn iú-hān kong-si
| poj=Tâi-oân chek-thé tiān-lō͘ chè-chō kó͘-hūn iú-hān kong-si
| p = Táiwān Jītǐ Diànlù Zhìzào Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
| w = T'ai<sup>2</sup>-wan<sup>1</sup> Chi<sup>1</sup>-t'i<sup>3</sup> Tien<sup>4</sup>-lu<sup>4</sup> Chih<sup>4</sup>-tsao<sup>4</sup> Ku<sup>3</sup>-fen<sup>4</sup> You<sup>3</sup>-hsien<sup>4</sup> Kung<sup>1</sup>-ssŭ<sup>1</sup>
| bpmf = ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄐㄧ ㄊㄧˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄌㄨˋ ㄓˋ ㄗㄠˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄈㄣˋ ㄧㄡˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄙ
| altname = Abbreviation
| t2 = 台積電
| tl2= Tâi-tsik-tiān
| poj2= Tâi-chek-tiān
| p2 = Tái Jī Diàn
| w2 = T'ai<sup>2</sup> Chi<sup>1</sup> Tien<sup>4</sup>
}}
}}
[[File:TSMC Global R＆D Center at night.jpg|thumb|265x265px|TSMC Global [[R&D]] Center in [[Hsinchu]]]]

'''Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited''' ('''TSMC''' or '''Taiwan Semiconductor''')<ref>{{cite web |author=Zacks Equity Research |date=13 April 2021 |title=What's in Store for Taiwan Semiconductor's (TSM) Q1 Earnings? |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/whats-store-taiwan-semiconductors-tsm-113811337.html |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=Yahoo! Finance |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014141202/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/whats-store-taiwan-semiconductors-tsm-113811337.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=The Value Portfolio |date=16 April 2021 |title=Taiwan Semiconductor Stock: Great Company, But Valuation Too High (NYSE:TSM) |url=https://seekingalpha.com/article/4419429-taiwan-semiconductor-is-great-company-too-high-of-valuation |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=SeekingAlpha |archive-date=16 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216003614/https://seekingalpha.com/article/4419429-taiwan-semiconductor-is-great-company-too-high-of-valuation |url-status=live }}</ref> is a [[Taiwan]]ese multinational [[semiconductor]] contract manufacturing and design company. It is one of the world's most valuable semiconductor companies,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Chiang |first1=Sheila |date=20 July 2023 |title=TSMC reports first profit drop in 4 years as electronics demand slump continues |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/07/20/tsmc-q2-earnings.html |access-date=22 October 2023 |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112003522/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/07/20/tsmc-q2-earnings.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the world's largest [[pure play]] [[Semiconductor fabrication plant|semiconductor foundry]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Advanced Technology Key to Strong Foundry Revenue per Wafer |url=http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/advanced-technology-key-to-strong-foundry-revenue-per-wafer/ |access-date=14 July 2019 |work=IC Insights |date=12 October 2018 |archive-date=14 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714212722/http://www.icinsights.com/news/bulletins/advanced-technology-key-to-strong-foundry-revenue-per-wafer/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and Taiwan's largest company,<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2020 |title=Taiwan chipmaker TSMC's earnings soar 91%, Companies & Markets News & Top Stories |work=The Straits Times |agency=Bloomberg |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/taiwan-chipmaker-tsmcs-earnings-soar-91 |access-date=4 May 2020 |archive-date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502143057/https://www.straitstimes.com/business/companies-markets/taiwan-chipmaker-tsmcs-earnings-soar-91 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Strong |first=Matthew |date=24 March 2020 |title=Taiwan chip giant TSMC wants 30,000 employees to work from home |work=Taiwan News |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3903344 |access-date=4 May 2020 |archive-date=2 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502100528/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3903344 |url-status=live }}</ref> with headquarters and main operations located in the [[Hsinchu Science Park]] in [[Hsinchu]], Taiwan. Although the [[government of Taiwan]] is the largest individual shareholder,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Companies/Taiwan-Semiconductor-Manufacturing-Co.-Ltd|title=Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited (2330)|work=[[Nikkei Asia]]|access-date=14 May 2023|archive-date=13 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513143426/https://asia.nikkei.com/Companies/Taiwan-Semiconductor-Manufacturing-Co.-Ltd|url-status=live}}</ref> the majority of TSMC is owned by foreign investors.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2016 |title=TSMC becomes safe haven for foreign investors; market cap hits high |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/2896622 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326110547/https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/2896622 |archive-date=26 March 2022 |access-date=2021-04-17 |work=Taiwan News |agency=Central News Agency}}</ref> In 2023, the company was ranked 44th in the [[Forbes Global 2000|''Forbes'' Global 2000]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=51d599675ac0|title=The Global 2000 2023|website=Forbes|access-date=2024-02-07|archive-date=2024-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129031905/https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=4f5ab07e5ac0}}</ref> Taiwan's exports of integrated circuits amounted to $184 billion in 2022, nearly 25 percent of Taiwan's GDP. TSMC constitutes about 30 percent of the [[Taiwan Stock Exchange]]'s main index.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yang |first1=Charlotte |title=Taiwan Stock Index Climbs to Record High on Optimism Over AI – BNN Bloomberg |url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/taiwan-stock-index-climbs-to-record-high-on-optimism-over-ai-1.2035062 |access-date=31 March 2024 |work=BNNBloomberg |agency=Bloomberg |date=14 February 2024 |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331183154/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/taiwan-stock-index-climbs-to-record-high-on-optimism-over-ai-1.2035062 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2023 |title=Taiwan's economic outlook: a challenging year as global semiconductor sales slump |url=https://think.ing.com/articles/economic-outlook-for-taiwan-challenging-year-semiconductor-sales-slump/ |website=Think.ing |access-date=31 March 2024 |archive-date=7 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207152015/https://think.ing.com/articles/economic-outlook-for-taiwan-challenging-year-semiconductor-sales-slump/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

TSMC was founded in 1987 by [[Morris Chang]] as the world's first dedicated semiconductor foundry. It has long been the leading company in its field.<ref name="profile">{{cite web |title=Company Info |url=http://www.tsmc.com/english/aboutTSMC/company_profile.htm |access-date=20 December 2010 |publisher=TSMC |archive-date=6 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171106025256/http://www.tsmc.com/english/aboutTSMC/company_profile.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=D&R Foundry Corner – TSMC |url=http://www.design-reuse.com/foundry/technology/?prov=20 |access-date=18 May 2014 |publisher=Design & Reuse |archive-date=22 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522182610/http://www.design-reuse.com/foundry/technology/?prov=20 |url-status=live }}</ref> When Chang retired in 2018, after 31 years of TSMC leadership, Mark Liu became chairman and [[C. C. Wei (business executive)|C. C. Wei]] became Chief Executive.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jennings|first=Ralph|title=How Taiwan Chipmaker TSMC Will Prosper For 5 More Years Without Its Iconic Founder|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphjennings/2018/06/10/how-taiwan-chipmaker-tsmc-will-prosper-for-5-more-years-without-its-iconic-founder/|access-date=9 July 2020|website=Forbes|archive-date=9 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200709144104/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphjennings/2018/06/10/how-taiwan-chipmaker-tsmc-will-prosper-for-5-more-years-without-its-iconic-founder/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Horwitz|first=Josh|title=After spawning a $100 billion industry, Taiwan's "godfather" of computer chips is retiring|url=https://qz.com/1294385/morris-chang-retires-from-taiwans-tsmc-as-computer-chips-godfather/|access-date=9 July 2020|website=Quartz|date=5 June 2018|archive-date=10 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710233600/https://qz.com/1294385/morris-chang-retires-from-taiwans-tsmc-as-computer-chips-godfather/|url-status=live}}</ref> It has been listed on the [[Taiwan Stock Exchange]] since 1993; in 1997 it became the first Taiwanese company to be listed on the [[New York Stock Exchange]]. Since 1994, TSMC has had a [[compound annual growth rate]] (CAGR) of 17.4 percent in revenue and a CAGR of 16.1 percent in earnings.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Phillips|first1=Tim|date=11 March 2020|title=Forget China Mobile. Buy This Stock to Play the 5G and AI Supercycle|url=https://www.fool.hk/en/2020/03/11/forget-china-mobile-buy-this-stock-to-play-the-5g-and-ai-supercycle/|access-date=9 July 2020|website=The Motley Fool Hong Kong|language=zh-hans|archive-date=5 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805074803/https://www.fool.hk/en/2020/03/11/forget-china-mobile-buy-this-stock-to-play-the-5g-and-ai-supercycle/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Most [[fabless]] semiconductor companies such as [[Advanced Micro Devices|AMD]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[ARM Holdings|ARM]], [[Broadcom Inc.|Broadcom]], [[Marvell Technology Group|Marvell]], [[MediaTek]], [[Qualcomm]], and [[Nvidia]] are customers of TSMC, as are emerging companies such as [[Allwinner Technology]], [[HiSilicon]], Spectra7, and [[UNISOC]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Abrams |first=Randy |title=Asia Semiconductor Sector (Sector Review) |series=Asia Pacific Equity Research |publisher=Credit Suisse |pages=1, 3 |date=25 November 2013}}</ref> [[Programmable logic device]] companies [[Xilinx]] and previously [[Altera]] also make or made use of TSMC's foundry services.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nenni |first=Daniel |date=25 April 2013 |title=Morris Chang on Altera and Intel |url=http://www.semiwiki.com/forum/content/2272-morris-chang-altera-intel.html |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=SemiWiki |archive-date=29 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829000254/http://www.semiwiki.com/forum/content/2272-morris-chang-altera-intel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Some [[integrated device manufacturer]]s that have their own [[Semiconductor fabrication plant|fabrication facilities]], such as [[Intel Corporation|Intel]], [[NXP]], [[STMicroelectronics]], and [[Texas Instruments]], outsource some of their production to TSMC.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2009/03/intel_outsourcing_some_atom_ma.html |title=Intel Outsourcing Some Atom Manufacturing to TSMC |work=The Oregonian |date=2 March 2009 |access-date=15 October 2010 |archive-date=23 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223215800/http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2009/03/intel_outsourcing_some_atom_ma.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Loukil |first=Ridha |url=https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/stmicroelectronics-envisage-la-creation-de-deux-usines-de-puces-avec-l-aide-des-etats-francais-et-italien.N597638 |title=STMicroelectronics envisage la création de deux usines de puces avec l'aide des Etats français et italien |language=fr |work=Ousine Nouvelle |date=9 October 2017 |access-date=2 February 2018 |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914132223/https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/stmicroelectronics-envisage-la-creation-de-deux-usines-de-puces-avec-l-aide-des-etats-francais-et-italien.N597638 |url-status=live }}</ref> At least one semiconductor company, [[LSI Corporation|LSI]], re-sells TSMC wafers through its [[Application-specific integrated circuit|ASIC]] design services and design [[Intellectual property|IP]] portfolio.{{dubious|date=June 2022|reason=Firstly, needs a citation (it's not mentioned other than in the lede). Secondly, Broadcom, which bought LSI, divested many of its divisions, so the fate of ASIC design services is unclear.}}

TSMC has a global capacity of about thirteen million 300&nbsp;mm-equivalent wafers per year as of 2020 and produces chips for customers with process nodes from 2 microns to [[3 nm process|3 nanometres]]. TSMC was the first foundry to market [[7 nm process|7-nanometre]] and [[5 nm process|5-nanometre]] (used by the 2020 [[Apple A14]] and [[Apple M1|M1]] [[System on a chip|SoCs]], the MediaTek [[List of MediaTek processors#Dimensity 8000 Series|Dimensity 8100]], and [[List of AMD Ryzen processors#Raphael desktop|AMD Ryzen 7000]] series processors) production capabilities, and the first to commercialize [[ASML Holding|ASML]]'s [[extreme ultraviolet lithography|extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography]] technology in high volume.