Editing Tabular Islamic calendar (section)

{{Short description|Rule-based variation of the Islamic calendar}}
{{for|other calendars used by Muslims|Islamic calendar|Solar Hijri calendar}}
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{{Infobox calendar date today}}
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The '''Tabular Islamic calendar''' ({{langx|ar|التقويم الهجري المجدول|altaqwim alhijriu almujadwal}}) is a rule-based variation of the [[Islamic calendar]]. It has the same numbering of years and months, but the months are determined by arithmetical rules rather than by observation or astronomical calculations. It was developed by early Muslim astronomers of the second hijra century (the 8th century of the [[Common Era]]) to provide a predictable time base for calculating the positions of the moon, sun, and planets. It is now used by historians to convert an Islamic date into a Western calendar when no other information (like the day of the week) is available. Its [[calendar era]] is the [[Hijri year]]. An example is the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] or Misri calendar.

It is used by some Muslims in everyday life, particularly in [[Ismaili]] and [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] communities, believing that this calendar was developed by [[Ali]]. It is believed that when Ali drew up this calendar, the previous events of the earlier prophets also fell into line with this calendar. It is their belief that all Fatimid Imams and their Da'is have followed this tradition.

Each year has 12 months. The odd numbered months have 30 days and the even numbered months have 29 days, except in a [[leap year]] when the 12th and final month Dhu al-Hijjah has 30 days.