Editing Taligent (section)

{{Short description|Software company (1992–1998)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Taligent Inc.
| logo = Taligent logo.svg
| image = Apple, De Anza Campus (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = The De Anza 3 building of [[Apple Campus]], the site of Taligent's headquarters
| trading_name = 
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = <!-- Use ISO 639-1 code, e.g. "fr" for French. For multiple names in different languages, use {{Lang|[code]|[name]}}. -->
| romanized_name = 
| former_name = 
| type = Partnership
| traded_as = 
| ISIN = 
| industry = [[Software development]]
| genre = 
| fate = Dissolved by [[IBM]]
| predecessor = <!-- or: | predecessors = -->
| successor = <!-- or: | successors = -->
| founded = {{start date |1992|03|02}} in [[Cupertino]], [[California]], [[United States]]
| founder = [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] and [[IBM]]<!-- or: | founders = -->
| defunct = {{end date|1998|01}}<!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| hq_location = 
| hq_location_city = [[Cupertino]], [[California]]
| hq_location_country = [[United States]]
| num_locations = 1
| num_locations_year = <!-- Year of num_locations data (if known) -->
| area_served = <!-- or: | areas_served = -->
| key_people = Erich Ringewald, Mike Potel, [[Mark Davis (Unicode)|Mark Davis]]
| products = CommonPoint, Places for Project Teams
| brands = 
| production = 
| production_year = <!-- Year of production data (if known) -->
| services = 
| revenue = 
| revenue_year = <!-- Year of revenue data (if known) -->
| operating_income = 
| income_year = <!-- Year of operating_income data (if known) -->
| net_income = <!-- or: | profit = -->
| net_income_year = <!-- or: | profit_year = --><!-- Year of net_income/profit data (if known) -->
| aum = <!-- Only for financial-service companies -->
| assets = 
| assets_year = <!-- Year of assets data (if known) -->
| equity = 
| equity_year = <!-- Year of equity data (if known) -->
| owner = <!-- or: | owners = -->
| members = 
| members_year = <!-- Year of members data (if known) -->
| num_employees = 400<ref name="Inside Taligent Technology"/>{{rp|xiv}}
| num_employees_year = 1995<!-- Year of num_employees data (if known) -->
| parent = [[Apple Inc.]], [[IBM]], [[Hewlett-Packard]]
| divisions = Native system, development tools, complementary products
| subsid = 
| module = <!-- Used to embed other templates -->
| ratio = <!-- Basel III ratio, for BANKS ONLY -->
| rating = <!-- credit rating, for BANKS ONLY -->
| website = {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970328134525/http://taligent.com/|title=taligent.com | date=March 28, 1997}}<!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| footnotes = <ref name="IBM Subsidiary"/><ref name="Inside Taligent Technology"/>
| intl = <!-- Set positively ("true"/"yes"/etc) if company is international, otherwise omit -->
}}

'''Taligent Inc.''' (a [[portmanteau]] of "talent" and "intelligent")<ref name="Main Ally"/><ref name="Apple surrenders the Pink">{{cite web |title=Apple surrenders the Pink (to Microsoft) |first=Cade |last=Metz |date=October 3, 2008 |work=The Register |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/10/03/microsoft_pink/ |access-date=February 13, 2019}}</ref> was an American software company. Based on the '''Pink''' [[object-oriented operating system]] conceived by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] in 1988, Taligent Inc. was incorporated as an Apple/IBM partnership in 1992, and was dissolved into IBM in 1998.

In 1988, after launching [[System 6]] and [[MultiFinder]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] initiated the exploratory project named Pink to design the next generation of the [[classic Mac OS]]. Though diverging from Macintosh into a sprawling new dream system, Pink was wildly successful within Apple. Though having no releases until 1995, it was a subject of industry hype for years. In 1992, the new [[AIM alliance]] spawned an Apple/IBM partnership corporation named Taligent Inc., with the purpose of bringing Pink to market. In 1994, [[Hewlett-Packard]] joined the partnership with a 15% stake. After a two-year series of goal-shifting delays, Taligent OS was eventually canceled, but the '''CommonPoint''' application framework was launched in 1995 for [[IBM AIX|AIX]] with a later beta for [[OS/2]]. CommonPoint was technologically acclaimed but had an extremely complex learning curve, so sales were very low.

Taligent OS and CommonPoint mirrored the sprawling scope of IBM's complementary [[Workplace OS]], in redundantly overlapping attempts to become the ultimate universal system to unify all of the world's computers and operating systems with a single microkernel. From 1993 to 1996, Taligent was seen as competing with [[Cairo (operating system)|Microsoft Cairo]] and [[NeXTSTEP]], even though Taligent did not ship a product until 1995 and Cairo never shipped at all. From 1994 to 1996, Apple floated the [[Copland (operating system)|Copland]] operating system project intended to succeed System 7, but never had a modern OS sophisticated enough to run Taligent technology.

In 1995, Apple and HP withdrew from the Taligent partnership, licensed its technology, and left it as a wholly owned subsidiary of IBM. In January 1998, Taligent Inc. was finally dissolved into IBM. Taligent's legacy became the unbundling of CommonPoint's best compiler and application components and converting them into [[VisualAge]] [[C++]]<ref name="Taligent show"/><ref name="Phoenix in Cupertino"/> and the globally adopted [[Java Development Kit]] 1.1 (especially internationalization).<ref name="Getting Java Ready">{{cite web |title=Getting Java ready for the world: A brief history of IBM and Sun's internationalization efforts |first=Laura |last=Werner |publisher=[[IBM]] |date=July 1999 |url=https://icu-project.org/docs/papers/history_of_java_internationalization.html |access-date=October 27, 2023}}</ref>

In 1997, Apple instead bought [[NeXT]] and began synthesizing the classic Mac OS with the NeXTSTEP operating system. [[MacOS version history#Version 10.0: "Cheetah"|Mac OS X]] was launched on March 24, 2001, as the future of the Macintosh and eventually the [[iPhone]]. In the late 2010s, some of Apple's personnel and design concepts from Pink and from [[List of Apple codenames#iPhone|Purple]] (the first iPhone's codename)<ref name="Apple's Phone Part 3">{{cite web |title=Apple's Phone: From 1980s' Sketches to iPhone. Part 3 |website=Mobile-Review |first=Eldar |last=Murtazin |others=Maxim Antonenko, Olexandr Nikolaychuk, translators |date=June 20, 2010 |url=https://mobile-review.com/articles/2010/iphone-history3-en.shtml |access-date=March 5, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Project Purple">{{cite web |title=Here's what it was like to work on the original iPhone, codenamed 'Project Purple' |first=Terry |last=Lambert |date=December 19, 2016 |work=Business Insider |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/working-on-original-iphone-project-purple-2016-12 |access-date=March 4, 2019}}</ref> would resurface and blend into Google's [[Google Fuchsia|Fuchsia]] operating system.<ref name="Mysterious Fuchsia">{{cite web |publisher=[[IEEE]] |work=IEEE Spectrum |title=Open-Source Clues to Google's Mysterious Fuchsia OS |date=April 10, 2017 |first=Daniel |last=Matte |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/a-modern-os-from-google |access-date=March 4, 2019}}</ref>

Along with [[Workplace OS]], [[Copland (operating system)|Copland]],<ref name="Inside the JavaOS"/> and [[Cairo (operating system)|Cairo]], Taligent is cited as a [[Death march (project management)|death march project]] of the 1990s, suffering from [[development hell]] as a result of [[feature creep]] and the [[second-system effect]].