Editing Teamwork (section)

{{Short description|Collaborative effort of a team to achieve a common goal}}
{{Other uses}}
[[File:Pushing van together (cropped).jpg|thumb|6 people pushing a van]]
[[File:Defense.gov News Photo 100930-N-2855B-251 - U.S. Navy sailors aboard the guided missile destroyer USS Bainbridge DDG 96 haul in a mooring line while mooring the ship in Faslane Scotland on.jpg|thumb|[[U.S. Navy]] sailors hauling in a mooring line]]
[[File:US Navy 070425-N-4198C-002 Personnel Specialist 1st Class Omar Saliba and Hospital Corpsman 1st Class Ryan De La Cruz lead the men^rsquo,s Navy rowing team.jpg|thumb|A U.S. Navy rowing team]]
[[File:Hemlock Overlook - Peanut Butter Pit - 01.jpg|thumb|A group of people forming a strategy]]
[[File:Hemlock Overlook - Peanut Butter Pit - 04.jpg|thumb|A group of people collaborating]]
'''Teamwork''' is the collaborative effort of a [[Social group|group]] to achieve a common goal or to complete a [[Task (project management)|task]] in an effective and efficient way.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-13770774/work-teams-that-work|url-status=dead|title=Work Teams That Work|journal=Training & Development|volume=47|issue=3|last1=Montebello|first1=Anthony R.|last2=Buzzotta|first2=Victor R.|date=March 1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226092201/https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-13770774/work-teams-that-work|archive-date=2018-02-26}}</ref><ref name="SalasCookeRosen20083">{{cite journal|last1=Salas|first1=Eduardo|first2=Nancy J.|last2=Cooke|first3=Michael A.|last3=Rosen|year=2008|title=On Teams, Teamwork, as well as Team Performance: Discoveries and Developments|journal=Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society|volume=50|issue=3|pages=540–547|doi=10.1518/001872008X288457|pmid=18689065|s2cid=17017793}}</ref> Teamwork is seen within the framework of a [[team]], which is a group of [[interdependent]] individuals who work together towards a common [[goal]].<ref name=":22">{{Cite book|title=Team Players and Teamwork: New Strategies for Developing Successful Collaboration|last=Parker|first=Glenn|publisher=Jossey-Bass|year=2008|isbn=978-0-787-99811-0|location=San Francisco|pages=[https://archive.org/details/teamplayersteamw00park_1/page/1 1]–68|url=https://archive.org/details/teamplayersteamw00park_1|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":12" />

The four key characteristics of a team include a shared goal, interdependence, boundedness, stability, the ability to manage their own work and internal process, and operate in a bigger [[social system]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Leigh |url=https://archive.org/details/makingteamguidef00thom |url-access=registration|title=Making the Team: A Guide for Managers |year=2011 |publisher=Prentice Hall |isbn=978-0-13-014363-1 |edition=4th |location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersey}}</ref>

Teams need to be able to leverage [[Resource (project management)|resources]] to be productive (i.e. playing fields or meeting spaces, scheduled times for [[planning]], guidance from coaches or supervisors, support from the organization, etc.), and clearly defined [[role]]s within the team in order for everyone to have a clear purpose.<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{Cite journal|last1=Chang|first1=Artemis|last2=Bordia|first2=Prashanti|last3=Duck|first3=Julie|year=2003|title=Punctuated Equilibrium and Linear Progression: Toward a New Understanding of Group Development|journal=Academy of Management Journal|volume=46|issue=1|pages=106–117|jstor=30040680}}|2={{Cite journal|last=Gersick|first=Connie|year=1991|title=Revolutionary Change Theories: A Multilevel Exploration of the Punctuated Equilibrium Paradigm|journal=Academy of Management Review|volume=16|pages=10–16|doi=10.5465/amr.1991.4278988|s2cid=13960681}}
|3={{Cite book|title=Effective Teamwork: Practical Lessons from Organizational Research|last=West|first=Michael|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2012|isbn=978-0-470-97498-8}}
|4={{Cite book|title=The Psychology of Work and Organizations|last1=Woods|first1=Stephen|last2=West|first2=Michael|publisher=Cengage Learning EMEA|year=2014|isbn=9781408072455|location=Andover}} }}</ref> Teamwork is present in contexts including an industrial organization (formal work teams), [[Athletics (physical culture)|athletics]] (sports teams), a school (classmates working on a [[project]]), and the healthcare system (operating room teams). In each of these settings, the level of teamwork and interdependence can vary from low (e.g. [[golf]], track and field), to intermediate (e.g. [[baseball]], [[football]]), to high (e.g. [[basketball]], [[Association football|soccer]]), depending on the amount of [[Human communication|communication]], [[Social interaction|interaction]], and collaboration present between team members.

Among the requirements for effective teamwork are an adequate team size. The context is important, and team sizes can vary depending upon the objective. A team must include at least two members, and most teams range in size from two to 100. [[Sports team]]s generally have fixed sizes based upon set rules, and work teams may change in size depending upon the phase and [[Project complexity|complexity]] of the objective.