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Telemark
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{{Short description|County in Eastern Norway}} {{Other uses}} {{More citations needed|date=November 2017}} {{Infobox kommune |name = Telemark |fylke = yes |native_name = |native_name_lang = |other_name = |former_name = |image_skyline = Tinn gaustatoppen rjukan IMG 0057.JPG |image_caption = Scenery of [[Rjukan]] and [[Gaustatoppen]] in Upper Telemark district |map = none |idnumber = 40 |county = Telemark |district = [[Østlandet]] |capital = [[Skien (town)|Skien]] |established = 1662 |preceded = |disestablished = 1 Jan 2020 |succeeded = [[Vestfold og Telemark]] |established2 = 1 Jan 2024 |preceded2 = [[Vestfold og Telemark]] |demonyms = Teledøl<br />Telemarking |language = Neutral |coatofarms = Telemark våpen 2024.svg |webpage = http://www.telemarkfylke.no/ |county_mayor = Sven Tore Løkslid |county_mayor_party = [[Arbeiderpartiet|Ap]] |county_mayor_as_of = 2023 |governor = Fred-Ivar Syrstad |governor_party = [[Arbeiderpartiet|Ap]] |governor_as_of = |area_rank = 8 |area_total_km2 = 15298.2 |area_land_km2 = 13832.4 |area_water_km2 = 1465.7 |area_water_percent = 9.6 |population_as_of = 2023 |population_rank = 13 |population_total = 175546 |population_density_km2 = 12.7 |population_increase = 2.7 |income_per_capita = 139,900 |income_year = |GDP = 219,404 |GDP_year = 2001 |GDP_rank = 12 |GDP_rank_percent = 2.38 |coordinates = {{coord|59.500|8.700|type:adm1st_region:NO|display=inline,title}} }} '''Telemark''' ({{IPA|no|ˈtêːləmɑrk|pron|Telemark.ogg}}) is a [[Counties of Norway|county]] and a current electoral district in [[Norway]]. Telemark borders the counties of [[Vestfold]], [[Buskerud]], [[Vestland]], [[Rogaland]] and [[Agder]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nikel|first=David|date=2019-04-30|title=This Is Telemark, Norway|url=https://www.lifeinnorway.net/telemark-norway/|access-date=2021-05-26|website=Life in Norway|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2020, Telemark merged with the county of [[Vestfold]] to form the county of [[Vestfold og Telemark]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://snl.no/Telemark|title=Telemark|first1=Svein-Gunnar|last1=Selland|first2=Sten|last2=Lundbo|date=8 June 2018|via=Store norske leksikon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ta.no/nyheter/telemark/vestfold/na-er-telemark-og-vestfold-slatt-sammen/s/5-50-370834|title=Nå er Telemark og Vestfold slått sammen|date=8 June 2017|website=ta.no}}</ref> On 1 January 2024, the county of Telemark was re-established after [[Vestfold og Telemark]] was divided again. The name ''Telemark'' means the "[[March (territorial entity)|mark]] of the [[Thelir]]", the ancient [[North Germanic peoples|North Germanic tribe]] that inhabited what is now known as [[Upper Telemark]] in the [[Migration Period]] and the [[Viking Age]]. In the Middle Ages, the agricultural society of Upper Telemark was considered the most violent region of Norway.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Norgeshistorie|first1=Om|last2=Institutt for arkeologi|first2=konservering og historie (IAKH) ved UiO|title=De voldelige telemarksbøndene - Norgeshistorie|url=https://www.norgeshistorie.no/senmiddelalder/1015-de-voldelige-telemarksbondene.html|access-date=2020-06-04|website=www.norgeshistorie.no|language=no}}</ref> Today, half of the buildings from medieval times in Norway are located here.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1999-01-20|title=Best på gamle teknikker|url=https://www.telen.no/kultur/best-pa-gamle-teknikker-1.4626969?ns_campaign=article&ns_mchannel=recommend_button&ns_source=facebook&ns_linkname=facebook&ns_fee=0|access-date=2020-06-04|website=www.telen.no|language=no}}</ref> The dialects spoken in Upper Telemark also retain more elements of [[Old Norse]] than those spoken elsewhere in the country.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Telemark|url=https://www.visitnorway.com/places-to-go/eastern-norway/telemark/|access-date=2020-06-03|website=www.visitnorway.com|language=en}}</ref> Upper Telemark is also known as the birthplace of [[skiing]].<ref name=":0" /> The southern part of Telemark, [[Grenland]], is more urban and influenced by trade with the [[Low Countries]], [[northern Germany]], [[Denmark]] and the [[British Isles]]. Telemark has been one of Norway's most important industrial regions for centuries, marked in particular by the [[Norske Skog Union]] paper mills in [[Grenland]] and the [[Norsk Hydro]] heavy water and fertilizer production in [[Upper Telemark]].<ref>{{Citation|last1=Selland|first1=Svein-Gunnar|title=Telemark – tidligere fylke|date=2020-01-29|url=http://snl.no/Telemark_-_tidligere_fylke|work=Store norske leksikon|language=nb|access-date=2020-06-04|last2=Lundbo|first2=Sten|last3=Nilsen|first3=Jan Erik|last4=Thorsnæs|first4=Geir}}</ref> Telemark county was re-established on 1 January 2024, following a vote of the county council of Vestfold og Telemark on 15 February 2022 to split the newly established county into its respective counties that existed before the merger took place; Telemark and Vestfold.
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