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Teraina
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{{Short description|Coral atoll in the Line Islands belonging to Kiribati}} {{distinguish|Prospect Island (California)}} {{Main|Kiribati|Line Islands}} {{Use British English|date=November 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}} {{Infobox islands | name = Teraina<br />Washington Island | native_name = | image_name = Teraina Kiribati.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Teraina in October 2006. North is on top. Notice the lake covering the southeast region of the island.<br />The prevailing [[ocean current]] runs roughly left to right. | location = North [[Pacific Ocean]] | country1 = {{Flag|Kiribati}} | country1_admin_divisions_title = Island council | country1_admin_divisions = Teraina | country1_largest_city_type = settlement | country1_largest_city = [[Tangkore]] | country1_largest_city_population = {{Wikidata|property|Q7682994|P1082}} | total_islands = 1 | area_km2 = 14.2 | elevation_m = 5 | pushpin_map = Kiribati#Micronesia#Oceania#Pacific Ocean | pushpin_map_width = 300 | coordinates = {{coord|4|41|00|N|160|22|40|W|region:KI-L_type:isle|display=it}} | population = 1,893 | population_as_of = 2020 | density_km2 = 120.6 | languages = [[Gilbertese language|Gilbertese]] | ethnic_groups = [[I-Kiribati]] | timezone1 = [[UTC+14:00]] | utc_offset1 = }} '''Teraina''' (written also '''Teeraina''',<ref name="T2012">{{cite web|work= Office of Te Beretitenti β Republic of Kiribati Island Report Series|title= 22. Teeraina|date= 2012|url= http://www.climate.gov.ki/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/22_TEERAINA-revised-2012.pdf|access-date= 28 April 2015|archive-date= 29 May 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170529090552/http://www.climate.gov.ki/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/22_TEERAINA-revised-2012.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref> also known as '''Washington Island''' β these two names are [[Constitution of Kiribati|constitutional]]<ref>POK (2007)</ref>) is a coral [[atoll]] in the central [[Pacific Ocean]] and part of the [[Northern Line Islands]] which belong to [[Kiribati]]. Obsolete names of Teraina are New Marquesas, Prospect Island, and New York Island. The island is located approximately 4.71Β° North [[latitude]] and 160.76Β° West [[longitude]]. Teraina differs from most other atolls in the world in that it has a large [[freshwater]] [[lake]] (Washington Lake), an open [[Lens (hydrology)|lens]], concealed within its luxuriant [[coconut palm]] forest; this is the only permanent freshwater lake in the whole of Kiribati.<ref name = teebaki1993>Teeb'aki ''in'' Scott (1993)</ref><!-- this ref only for uniqueness of lake. Do not put behind fullstop! --> Measuring about {{convert|5.4|by|2.1|km|mi|1|abbr=off}} NW-SE and SW-NE, it has a land area of about {{convert|9.55|km2|sqmi|2|abbr=off}};<ref name = teebaki1993 /> its circumference is about {{convert|15|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. The island is generally low-lying, with a maximum elevation [[Above mean sea level|ASL]] of about {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}}, while most of the island rises some {{convert|3|m|ft|0|spell=in|abbr=off}} high; [[tree]]s in the dense inland forest grow to several times this height however.<ref name="T2012"/> At the western end of the island is the [[Capital (political)|capital]], [[Tangkore]] (or Tengkore). There are (as at the 2020 Census) about 1,893 inhabitants,<ref name="T2012"/> making it the least-populated of the permanently inhabited [[Northern Line Islands]]. However, [[population density]] (177 per km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="T2012"/> is three times as high as on [[Tabuaeran]]<ref name="T2012"/> and vastly more than on the much larger (300-plus km<sup>2</sup>) [[Kiritimati]] with its about 15 people/km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name="K2012">{{cite web|work= Office of Te Beretitenti β Republic of Kiribati Island Report Series|title= 20. Kiritimati|date= 2012|url= http://www.climate.gov.ki/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/20_KIRITIMATI-revised-2012.pdf|access-date= 28 April 2015|archive-date= 4 March 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211839/http://www.climate.gov.ki/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/20_KIRITIMATI-revised-2012.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref> There are two [[dirt road]]s around the island's perimeter β an outer (Beach Road) and an inner one (Ring Road). Transport inland is done by boat on artificial canals, rather uniquely for a [[Pacific island]]. A {{convert|21|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} navigation light tower and two radio masts stand near Tangkore.<ref name = resture2004>Resture (2004)</ref> What cannot be produced locally is shipped in about twice a year;<ref name = resture2004 /> there is also some minor inter-island traffic by ship or boat. The old landing was at the western tip, but this was dangerous due to being exposed to [[Breaking wave|surf]] breaking on the reef flats; it has been more recently replaced by a new and more easily accessible landing south of [[Tangkore]], where the canal system feeds into the ocean.<ref name = resture2004 /> A rough [[airstrip]] of some {{convert|1,000|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} length exists near [[Kaaitara]]. It may become temporarily unusable after heavy rains.
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