Editing Textile (section)

{{Short description|Various fiber-based materials}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
[[File:Weaving_jamdani_at_BSCIC_Jamdani_palli,_Narayanganj_113.jpg|thumb|[[Jamdani]] weaving of Bangladesh]]

[[File:Flores y colores hechos a mano.jpg|thumb|right|Handmade floral patterns on textiles, The production of textiles which were initially artisanal work, has grown into a vast field today that includes the production of fibers, yarns, fabrics, and various fibrous products for different domestic and industrial usages.]]
[[File:Urdimbre rosa.jpg|thumb|right| In textile production, longitudinal yarns are referred to as warp and are interlaced with weft or filing yarns to create a woven fabric.]]
[[File:Tzutujil.weaving.jpg|thumb|right|[[Weaving]]]] 
[[File:Weaving_demonstrated_on_a_historic_loom_in_Leiden.webm|right|thumbtime=12|thumb|Weaving demonstration on an 1830 handloom in the [[Museum Het Leids Wevershuis|weaving museum]] in [[Leiden]]]]
'''Textile''' is an [[Hyponymy and hypernymy|umbrella term]] that includes various [[Fiber|fiber-based]] materials, including fibers, [[yarn]]s, [[Staple (textiles)#Filament fiber|filaments]], [[Thread (yarn)|threads]], different [[#Fabric|fabric]] types, etc. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to [[woven fabric]]s.{{sfn|Joseph|1977|p=3}}{{sfn|Kadolph|1998|p=5}}<ref name="EB-2015" /> However, [[weaving]] is not the only manufacturing method, and many other methods were later developed to form textile structures based on their intended use. [[Knitting]] and [[Nonwoven|non-woven]] are other popular types of fabric manufacturing.{{sfn|Elsasser|2005|p={{pn|date=January 2025}}}} In the contemporary world, textiles satisfy the [[material]] needs for versatile applications, from simple daily clothing to [[Bulletproof vest|bulletproof jackets]], [[spacesuit]]s, and [[Medical gown|doctor's gowns]].<ref name="EB-2015">{{Cite web |title=textile {{!}} Description & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/textile |access-date=2021-08-19 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=2015-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611044816/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/589392/textile |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Fairchild 1959">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/fairchildsdictio0000unse |title=Fairchild's dictionary of textiles |date=1959 |location=New York |publisher= Fairchild Publications |pages=552, 553, 211, 131}}</ref>{{sfn|Elsasser|2005|p={{pn|date=January 2025}}}}

Textiles are divided into two groups: consumer textiles for domestic purposes and [[technical textile]]s. In consumer textiles, [[Aesthetics (textile)|aesthetics]] and [[Textile performance#Comfort|comfort]] are the most important factors, while in technical textiles, [[Textile performance#Properties|functional properties]] are the priority.{{sfn|Elsasser|2005|p={{pn|date=January 2025}}}}<ref name="Horrocks-2000">{{Cite book |last1=Horrocks |first1=A. R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JBGkAgAAQBAJ&q=technical+textiles |title=Handbook of Technical Textiles |last2=Anand |first2=Subhash C. |date=31 October 2000 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-1-85573-896-6 |pages=1 to 20 |language=en}}</ref> The durability of textiles is an important property, with common cotton or blend garments (such as t-shirts) able to last twenty years or more with regular use and care.

[[Geotextile]]s, [[Indutech|industrial textiles]], [[medical textiles]], and many other areas are examples of technical textiles, whereas clothing and furnishings are examples of consumer textiles. Each component of a textile product, including fiber, yarn, fabric, processing, and [[Finishing (textiles)|finishing]], affects the final product. Components may vary among various textile products as they are selected based on their [[Textile performance|fitness for purpose]].{{sfn|Elsasser|2005|p={{pn|date=January 2025}}}}{{sfn|Chapman|2010|p={{pn|date=January 2025}}}}<ref name="Horrocks-2000" />

Fiber is the smallest fabric component; they are typically spun into yarn, and yarns are used to manufacture fabrics.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Division |first=United States Department of Labor Wage and Hour |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Yxh19vrzd0C&dq=textile+industry+definition&pg=PP3 |title=Some Basic Information on the Textile Industry |date=1941 |publisher=U.S. Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division. |pages=3–6 |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Chapman|2010|p={{pn|date=January 2025}}}} Fiber has a hair-like appearance and a higher length-to-width ratio. The sources of fibers may be [[Natural fiber|natural]], [[Synthetic fiber|synthetic]], or both. The techniques of [[felt]]ing and [[Nonwoven fabric|bonding]] directly transform fibers into fabric. In other cases, yarns are manipulated with different fabric manufacturing systems to produce various fabric constructions. The fibers are twisted or laid out to make a long, continuous strand of yarn.{{sfn|Kadolph|1998|p={{pn|date=January 2025}}}} Yarns are then used to make different kinds of fabric by weaving, knitting, [[crochet]]ing, [[Macramé|knotting]], [[tatting]], or [[braid]]ing.<ref>{{cite web |title=An Introduction to Textile Terms |url=http://www.textilemuseum.org/PDFs/TextileTerms.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060723073411/http://www.textilemuseum.org/PDFs/TextileTerms.pdf |archive-date=23 July 2006 |access-date=6 August 2006}}</ref><ref name="MW-2017">{{cite web |title=Definition of FABRIC |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fabric |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019004250/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fabric |archive-date=2017-10-19 |access-date=2017-10-18}}</ref><ref name="Fairchild 1959" /> After manufacturing, textile materials are processed and finished to add value, such as aesthetics, physical characteristics, and increased usefulness.<ref name="Choudhury-2017">{{Cite book |last=Choudhury |first=Asim Kumar Roy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_9PCwAAQBAJ&q=finishing+textiles |title=Principles of Textile Finishing |date=29 April 2017 |publisher=Woodhead Publishing |isbn=978-0-08-100661-0 |pages=1–10 |language=en}}</ref> The manufacturing of textiles is the oldest industrial [[Textile arts|art]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/sim_business_1971-11_21_11 |title=Atlanta Economic Review 1971-11: Vol 21 Iss 11 |date=1971 |publisher=College of Business Administration. Georgia State University |pages=6 |language=English}}</ref> [[Dyeing]], [[Textile printing|printing]], and [[embroidery]] are all different decorative arts applied to textile materials.<ref name="Elsasser-2005a">{{Cite book |last=Elsasser |first=Virginia Hencken |url=http://archive.org/details/textiles00virg |title=Textiles: concepts and principles |date=2005a |location=New York, NY |publisher= Fairchild Publications |isbn=978-1-56367-300-9 |pages=9}}</ref>