Editing Tic (section)

{{Short description|Sudden movement or vocalization}}
{{distinguish|tick}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Tic
| image           = Tourette's tic long medium 192kbps.OGG

| caption         = Examples of motor tics
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| field           = [[Psychiatry]], [[neurology]]
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A '''tic''' is a sudden and repetitive motor movement or vocalization that is not rhythmic and involves discrete muscle groups.<ref name=EuropeanPartI>{{cite journal |vauthors=Szejko N, Robinson S, Hartmann A, et al |title=European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0. Part I: assessment |journal=Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry |date=October 2021 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=383–402 |pmid= 34661764 |pmc=8521086 |doi=10.1007/s00787-021-01842-2}}</ref><ref name=phenomenology>{{cite journal | author = Leckman JF, Bloch MH, King RA, Scahill L | year = 2006 | title = Phenomenology of tics and natural history of tic disorders | journal = Adv Neurol | volume = 99 | pages = 1–16 | pmid = 16536348 }}</ref><ref name= BehaveNet>{{cite encyclopedia | publisher = [[American Psychiatric Association]] | year= 2000| url= http://behavenet.com/capsules/disorders/touretteTR.htm | encyclopedia = [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]| title= Tourette's Disorder| edition= 4th| series= [[DSM-IV-TR]]| isbn=0-89042-025-4| via= BehaveNet.com| accessdate =August 10, 2009}}</ref> Tics are typically brief and may resemble a normal behavioral characteristic or gesture.<ref name= JankovicLang2022>{{cite book |last1=Jankovic |first1=Joseph |last2=Lang |first2=Anthony E. |editor1-last=Jankovic |editor1-first=Joseph |editor2-last= Mazziotta |editor2-first=John C. |editor3-last=Pomeroy |editor3-first=Scott L. |title=Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice |date=2022 |publisher= Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-64261-3 |pages=325–326 |edition=8th |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1slEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA325|language=en |chapter=24. Diagnosis and assessment of Parkinson Disease and other movement disorders; Tics|location= Edinburgh| volume=I. Principles of diagnosis}}</ref>

Tics can be invisible to the observer, such as abdominal tensing or toe crunching. Common motor and phonic tics are, respectively, eye blinking and throat clearing.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Malone DA Jr, Pandya MM | year = 2006 | title = Behavioral neurosurgery | journal = Adv Neurol | volume = 99 | pages = 241–47 | pmid = 16536372 }}</ref>

Tics must be distinguished from movements of [[movement disorder|disorder]]s such as [[chorea (disease)|chorea]], [[dystonia]] and [[myoclonus]]; the compulsions of [[obsessive–compulsive disorder]] (OCD) and [[seizure]] activity;<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mineka S, Watson D, Clark LA |title=Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders |journal=[[Annual Review of Psychology]] |volume=49 |pages=377–412 |year=1998 |pmid=9496627|doi=10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.377|s2cid=14546782 }}</ref> and movements exhibited in [[stereotypic movement disorder]] or among [[autism spectrum|autistic]] people (also known as [[stimming]]).<ref name=Singer>{{cite journal |author=Singer HS |title=Motor stereotypies |journal=Semin Pediatr Neurol |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=77–81 |year=2009 |pmid=19501335 |doi=10.1016/j.spen.2009.03.008 |url=http://m.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/specialty_areas/pediatric-neurology/conditions/motor-stereotypies/motor-stereotypies.pdf |access-date=2020-06-23 |archive-date=2014-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513135737/http://m.hopkinsmedicine.org/neurology_neurosurgery/specialty_areas/pediatric-neurology/conditions/motor-stereotypies/motor-stereotypies.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Nind>{{cite journal |author=Nind M, Kellett M |title=Responding to individuals with severe learning difficulties and stereotyped behaviour: challenges for an inclusive era |journal=Eur J Spec Needs Educ |date=2002 |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=265–82 |doi=10.1080/08856250210162167 |s2cid=142836660 }}</ref><ref name=Gilbert>{{cite journal |author=Muthugovindan D, Singer H |title=Motor stereotypy disorders |journal=Current Opinion in Neurology |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=131–6 |year=2009 |pmid=19532036 |doi=10.1097/WCO.0b013e328326f6c8 |s2cid=23006424 |doi-access=free }}</ref>