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Timbisha language
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{{Short description|Endangered Uto-Aztecan language of California}} {{Infobox language |name=Timbisha |altname=Panamint |nativename={{lang|par|Nümü nangkawih, Sosoni nangkawih}} |states=[[United States]] |region=[[California]], [[Nevada]] |ethnicity=100 [[Timbisha]] (1998)<ref name=e18/> |speakers=20 |date=2007 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Uto-Aztecan |fam1=[[Uto-Aztecan languages|Uto-Aztecan]] |fam2=[[Numic languages|Numic]] |fam3=Central Numic |iso3=par |glotto=pana1305 |glottorefname=Panamint |notice=IPA |map=Lang Status 20-CR.svg |mapcaption={{center|{{small|Panamint is classified as Critically Endangered by the [[UNESCO]] ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''}}}}}} '''Timbisha''' (''Tümpisa'') or '''Panamint''' (also called '''Koso''') is the language of the [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] people who have inhabited the region in and around [[Death Valley]], California, and the southern [[Owens Valley]] since late prehistoric times. There are a few elderly individuals who can speak the language in [[California]] and [[Nevada]], but none are monolingual, and all use [[English language|English]] regularly in their daily lives. Until the late 20th century, the people called themselves and their language "Shoshone." The tribe then achieved federal recognition under the name [[Timbisha|Death Valley Timbisha Shoshone Band of California]]. This is an Anglicized spelling of the native name of [[Death Valley]], ''tümpisa'', pronounced {{IPA|par|tɨmbiʃa|}}, which means "rock paint" and refers to the rich sources of [[red ochre]] in the valley. Timbisha is also the language of the so-called "Shoshone" groups at [[Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community of the Bishop Colony|Bishop]], [[Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation|Big Pine]], [[Darwin, California|Darwin]], [[Independence, California|Independence]], and [[Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community of the Lone Pine Reservation|Lone Pine]] communities in California and the [[Beatty, Nevada|Beatty]] community in Nevada. It was also the language spoken at the former Indian Ranch reservation in Panamint Valley.
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