Editing Tipu Sultan (section)

{{Short description|Ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1782 to 1799}}
{{other uses|Tipu Sultan (disambiguation)|Tipu (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Tipu Sultan
| title        = [[Padishah|Badshah]]<br />Nasib-ud-Daulah<br />Ameer E Watan Sher E Mysore<br />Mir Fateh Ali Bahadur Tipu
| titletext    = 
| image        = TipuSultan1790.jpg
| caption      = Portrait of Tipu Sultan, from Mysore ({{circa|1790–1800}}).
| reign        = 10 December 1782 – 4 May 1799
| reign-type   = Independent
| coronation   = 29 December 1782
| predecessor  = [[Hyder Ali]]
| succession   = [[Kingdom of Mysore|Sultan of Mysore]]
| successor    = [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar III|Krishnaraja III]] <br/>  <small> (as [[Maharaja of Mysore|Maharaja]] of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]]) </small>
| consort      = Ruqaiya Begum
| spouse       = {{marriage|Ruqaya Banu Begum|1774}}{{marriage|Khadija Zaman Begum|1796|1797|end=died}}
| spouse-type  = Wife
| issue        = [[Shezada Hyder Ali]], [[Ghulam Muhammad Sultan Sahib]] and many others
| native_lang1 = Official Language
| native_lang1_name1 = [[Persian language|Persian]]
| native_lang2 = Native Language
| native_lang2_name1 = [[Urdu]]
| dynasty      = Sultanate E Khudadad
| module       = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
  | branch     =  {{flagicon image|Flag of Mysore Hyder Ali & TipuSultan.png|border=}} [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore Army]]
  | serviceyears  = 
  | serviceyears_label = 
| rank =  [[Sultan]]
  | unit          =   
  | commands      =
  | battles_label =
  | battles       = {{collapsible list|title = {{nobold|''See list''}}|{{tree list}}
*[[First Anglo-Mysore War]]
*[[First Anglo-Maratha War]]
*[[Second Anglo-Mysore War]]
**[[Battle of Pollilur (1780)]]
**Battle of Annagudi
**[[Siege of Bednore]]
**[[Siege of Mangalore]]
*[[Maratha-Mysore War]]
**[[Battle of Moti Talab]]
**[[Second siege of Nargund|Siege of Nargund]]
**[[Siege of Adoni]]
**[[Battle of Savanur]]
**[[Siege of Bahadur Benda]]
*[[Mysorean invasion of Malabar]]
*[[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]
**[[Battle of Nedumkotta]]
**[[Siege of Bangalore]]
**[[Battle of Arakere]]
**[[Siege of Coimbatore]]
**[[Siege of Nundydroog]]
**[[Siege of Savendroog]]
**[[Siege of Seringapatam (1792)]]
*[[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]]
**[[Battle of Seedaseer]]
**[[Battle of Sultanpet Tope]]
**[[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)]]{{KIA}}

{{tree list/end}}
}}
}}
| pronunciation = Tipoo Sahib
| full name    = Badshah Sultan Mir Fateh Ali Bahadur Saheb Tipu bin Hyder Ali
| era name     = Zenith Of Islamic Rule In Deccan
| era dates    = 1782-1799
| regnal name  = Naseeb ud Daulah Mir Fateh Ali Tipu Sultan
| posthumous name = Hazrat Tipu Sultan Shaheed R.A
| father       = [[Hyder Ali]]
| mother       = Fatima Fakhr-un-Nisa
| signature    = Seal of Tipu Sultan.png
| signature_type = [[Seal (emblem)|Seal]]
| religion     = [[Sunni Islam]]<ref>{{cite book |last1= H. Davis |first1= Richard |title=Lives of Indian Images | chapter= |year =1999 |publisher=Princeton University Press | location= Chichester, West Sussex, UK |isbn=0-691-00520-6 |page=149 | quote="Both Haidar 'Ali and Tipu Sultan were parvenu Sunni Muslim rulers..."}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Writing of the Nation by Its Elite: The Politics of Anglophone Indian Literature in the Global Age|year =2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-367-54129-3 |first=MK|last=Raghavendra| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s_kvEAAAQBAJ&dq=Tipu+Sunni&pg=PT59}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Yazdani |first1=Kaveh |title=India, Modernity and the Great Divergence: Mysore and Gujarat (17th to 19th C.) | chapter= 2: Mysore |year =2017 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-33078-8 |issn=1877-3206 |pages=312, 313 | doi=10.1163/9789004330795_004 | quote="After coming into power, Tipu ordered his ‘ulama’ to collect significant matters of Mohammadan law, especially those corresponding to the ''Hanafi'' School of thought. As a result, a Persian treatise on the important laws of Islam called ''Fiqh-i Mohammadi'' was written down. Indeed, the existing sources suggest that Tipu was in all likelihood a Sunni Muslim who belonged to the ''Hanafi'' School." }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Politics of Modern Indian Language Literature | chapter= 6: The Private as Public |year =2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-69578-5 | first=MK|last=Raghavendra| chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KO_1EAAAQBAJ&dq=tipu+Sultan+Sunni&pg=PT70}}</ref>
| birth_name   = 
| birth_date   = {{birth date|df=yes|1751|12|01}}
| birth_place  = [[Devanahalli]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]] <br /> (present-day [[Karnataka]], [[India]])
| death_date   = {{death date and age|df=yes|1799|5|4|1751|12|01}}
| death_place  = [[Srirangapatna]], [[Kingdom of Mysore|Sultanate of Mysore]] <br /> (present-day Karnataka, India)
| burial_date  = 5 May 1799
| burial_place = [[Gumbaz, Srirangapatna]], present-day [[Mandya]], Karnataka<br />{{coord|12|24|36|N|76|42|50|E|display=inline,title}}
}}

'''Tipu Sultan''' ({{IPA|ur|ʈiːpuː sʊlt̪aːn|lang}}, ''Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu''; 1 December 1751&nbsp;– 4 May 1799) commonly referred to as '''Sher-e-Mysore''' or "Tiger of Mysore",<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cavendish|first=Richard|title=Tipu Sultan killed at Seringapatam|journal=History Today|date=4 May 1999|volume=49|issue=5 |url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/tipu-sultan-killed-seringapatam|access-date=13 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Brittlebank | first=Kate | title=Tiger: The Life of Tipu Sultan | publisher=Claritas Books | year=2022 | isbn=978-1-905837-87-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1F9jEAAAQBAJ | access-date=15 April 2024}} Quote=Aer he died, it became his epithet – 'the Tiger of Mysore' the British called him.</ref> was a ruler of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] based in [[South India]].<ref>{{cite book|title=India, Modernity and the Great Divergence |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TdrzDQAAQBAJ&dq=Tipu+Sultan+indian+muslim+ruler&pg=PA318 |page=67 |first=Kaveh |last=Yazdani |date=2017 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004330795}}</ref> He was a pioneer of [[rocket artillery]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Colley |first1=Linda |title=Going Native, Telling Tales: Captivity, Collaborations and Empire |journal=Past & Present |date=2000 |issue=168 |page=190 |jstor=651308 |issn=0031-2746}}</ref>{{sfn|Dalrymple|2019|p=243}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jamil |first1=Arish |title=Why Mysore? The Idealistic and Materialistic Factors Behind Tipu Sultan's War Rocket Success |url=http://history.emory.edu/home/documents/endeavors/volume5/gunpowder-age-v-jamil.pdf |website=Emory Endeavors in World History – Volume 5 |publisher=Emory College of Arts and Science |access-date=21 May 2022}}</ref> He expanded the iron-cased [[Mysorean rockets]] and commissioned the military manual ''[[Fathul Mujahidin]]''. The [[economy]] of Mysore reached a zenith during his reign. He deployed rockets against advances of British forces and their allies during the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]], including the [[Battle of Pollilur (1780)|Battle of Pollilur]] and [[Siege of Srirangapatna (1799)|Siege of Srirangapatna]].<ref name="Narasimha" />

Tipu Sultan and his father [[Hyder Ali]] used their French-trained army in alliance with the French in their struggle with the British,{{sfn|Roy|2011|p=77}} and in Mysore's struggles with other surrounding powers: against the [[Maratha Empire|Marathas]], [[Sira, India|Sira]], and rulers of [[Malabar (Northern Kerala)|Malabar]], [[Kodagu district|Kodagu]], [[Keladi Nayaka Kingdom|Bednore]], [[Carnatic region|Carnatic]], and [[Travancore]]. Tipu became the ruler of Mysore upon his father's death from cancer in 1782 during the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]]. He negotiated with the British in 1784 with the [[Treaty of Mangalore]] which ended the war in [[status quo ante bellum]].

Tipu's conflicts with his neighbours included the [[Maratha–Mysore War]], which ended with the signing of the [[Gajendragarh#Treaty of Gajendragad|Treaty of Gajendragad]].{{sfn|Hasan|2005|pp=105–107}}

Tipu remained an enemy of the British [[East India Company]]. He initiated an [[Battle of the Nedumkotta|attack]] on British-allied Travancore in 1789. In the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]], he was forced into the [[Treaty of Seringapatam]], losing a number of previously conquered territories, including Malabar and [[Mangalore]]. In the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]], a combined force of British East India Company troops supported by the [[Maratha Confederacy|Marathas]] and the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] defeated Tipu. He was killed on 4 May 1799 while [[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)|defending his stronghold of Seringapatam]].

Tipu also introduced administrative innovations during his rule, including a new coinage system and calendar,{{sfn|Hasan|2005|p=399}} and a new land revenue system, which initiated the growth of the [[Mysore silk]] industry.<ref name="Global Silk Industry">{{cite book |last=Datta |first=R.K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8U1lmEGEdgC |title=Global Silk Industry: A Complete Source Book |publisher=APH Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=978-81-313-0087-9 |page=17}}</ref> He is known for his patronage to [[Channapatna toys]].<ref name="Handmade"/>