Editing Tisha B'Av (section)

{{Short description|Jewish fast day}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox holiday
| image         = (Venice) La distruzione del tempio di Gerusalemme -Francesco Hayez - gallerie Accademia Venice.jpg
| caption       = Destruction of the Temple of Jerusalem, by [[Francesco Hayez]]
| holiday_name  = Tisha B'Av
| official_name = [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]: {{Script/Hebrew|תשעה באב}} <br />[[English language|English]]: Ninth of Av
| date          = 9th day of [[Av (month)|Av]] (if ''[[Shabbat]]'', then the 10th of Av)
| observances   = [[Fasting]], [[mourning]], [[prayer]], abstaining from physical pleasures
| type          = [[Judaism|Jewish religious]] and national
| significance  = Mourning the destruction of the ancient [[Temple in Jerusalem|Temples]] and [[Jerusalem]], and other major calamities which have befallen the Jewish people.
| relatedto     = The fasts of [[Fast of Gedalia|Gedalia]], the [[Tenth of Tevet]] and the [[Seventeenth of Tammuz]], [[the Three Weeks]] & [[the Nine Days]]
| date{{LASTYEAR}} = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=last}}
| date{{CURRENTYEAR}} = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=current}}
| date{{NEXTYEAR}} = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=next}}
| date{{NEXTYEAR|2}} = {{Calendar date/infobox|year=next2}}
| frequency     = annual
| firsttime     = 
}}
'''Tisha B'Av''' ({{langx|he|תִּשְׁעָה בְּאָב}}{{efn|Also written {{Script/Hebrew|ט׳ באב}}, using [[Hebrew numerals]].}} {{Transliteration|he|Tīšʿā Bəʾāv}}; {{IPA|he|tiʃʕa beˈʔav|IPA|He-TishaBAv.ogg}}, {{Literally|the ninth of [[Av (month)|Av]]}}) is an annual [[Ta'anit|fast day]] in [[Judaism]]. A commemoration of a number of disasters in [[Jewish history]], primarily the destruction of both [[Solomon's Temple]] by the [[Neo-Babylonian Empire]] and the [[Second Temple]] by the [[Roman Empire]] in [[Jerusalem]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tisha Be-Av - Jewish Tradition |url=https://yahadut.org/en/shabbat-and-festivals/fasts-commemorating-the-destruction-of-the-temple/tisha-be-av/ |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=yahadut.org |language=en}}</ref>

Tisha B'Av precedes the end of the [[The Three Weeks|three weeks between dire straits]]. This day is regarded as the saddest day in the [[Hebrew calendar|Jewish calendar]]. It is categorized as a day destined for tragedy.<ref name="BarclayJaeger2003">{{cite book|author1=Elozor Barclay|author2=Yitzchok Jaeger|title=Guidelines: Over Four Hundred of the Most Commonly Asked Questions about the Three Weeks|year=2003|publisher=Targum Press|isbn=978-1-56871-254-3|page=65|quote=Hashem condemned this day to become destined for national disasters throughout history...}}</ref><ref name="Ellis2005">{{cite book|author=Pinchos Yehoshua Ellis|title=Seasons in halacha|year=2005|publisher=Targum Press|isbn=978-1-56871-369-4|page=267|quote=Tisha B'Av initially became destined for tragedy...}}</ref>  Tisha B'Av falls in July or August in the [[Gregorian calendar]].

Observances of the day include [[#Main prohibitions|five prohibitions]], most notable of which is a 25-hour fast. The [[Book of Lamentations]], which mourns the destruction of Jerusalem, is read in synagogue, followed by the recitation of ''[[kinnot]]'', liturgical [[dirge]]s that lament the loss of the Temples and Jerusalem. As the day has become associated with remembrance of other major calamities which have befallen the Jewish people, some ''kinnot'' also recall events such as the murder of the [[Ten Martyrs]] by the Romans; [[Edict of Expulsion|expulsions from England]], [[Expulsion of Jews from Spain|Spain]], and elsewhere; [[Rhineland massacres|massacres of numerous medieval Jewish communities]] by [[Crusades|Crusaders]]; [[the Holocaust]];<ref name=":0" /> and the [[2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel|October 7, 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel]].<ref name="Hajdenbigger-A000">{{cite news |last=Hajdenberg |first=Jackie |date=2024-08-09 |title=For the first Tisha B'Av after Oct. 7, new liturgy and traditions mourn a fresh tragedy |url=https://www.jta.org/2024/08/09/religion/in-first-tisha-bav-after-oct-7-jewish-writers-musicians-and-lay-leaders-compose-new-liturgy-and-traditions-to-mourn-a-fresh-tragedy |access-date=2024-08-15 |work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency est 1917 |location=Yeruham, Israel |quote=Every year, on the fast day of Tisha B’Av, Jewish communities worldwide chant a series of dirges, called “kinnot,” that commemorate the tragedies of Jewish history in verse, from the destruction of the temples to the Crusades to the Holocaust.}}</ref><ref name = Harkovigger-A000>{{cite news
| last         = Harkov
| first        = Lahav
| date         = 2024-08-12
| title        = The rabbis adding Oct. 7 to their Tisha B'Av lamentations
| url          = https://jewishinsider.com/2024/08/tisha-bav-oct-7-rabbis-israel-religious-zionist-rabbi-david-stav/
| work         = Jewish Insider (JI)
| location     = United States
| access-date  = 2024-08-15
| quote	= Some congregations in Israel and the Diaspora will have new texts to read about more recent, tragic events of Oct. 7, the greatest massacre of Jewish people since the Holocaust.
}}</ref>