Editing Tissue engineering (section)

{{Short description|Biomedical engineering discipline}}
{{For|the publications|Journal of Tissue Engineering|Tissue Engineering (journal)}}{{Redirect-distinguish|Tissue repair|Tissue healing}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
[[File:Tissue Engineering.png|thumb|upright=1.35|Throughout the past decade in the field of tissue engineering, novel cell sources, engineering materials, and tissue architecture techniques have provided engineering tissues that better restore, maintain, improve, or replace biological tissues.]]
'''Tissue engineering''' is a [[biomedical engineering]] discipline that uses a combination of [[Cell (biology)|cells]], [[engineering]], [[Materials science|materials]] methods, and suitable [[biochemistry|biochemical]] and physicochemical factors to restore, maintain, improve, or replace different types of [[biology|biological]] tissues. Tissue engineering often involves the use of cells placed on '''tissue scaffolds''' in the formation of new viable tissue for a medical purpose, but is not limited to applications involving cells and tissue scaffolds. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of [[biomaterial]]s, having grown in scope and importance, it can be considered as a field of its own.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Yu Seon |last2=Smoak |first2=Mollie M. |last3=Melchiorri |first3=Anthony J. |last4=Mikos |first4=Antonios G. |date=2019-01-01 |title=An Overview of the Tissue Engineering Market in the United States from 2011 to 2018 |journal=Tissue Engineering. Part A |volume=25 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0138 |issn=1937-3341 |pmc=6352506 |pmid=30027831}}</ref>
[[File:What is Tissue Engineering-.webm|thumb|What tissue engineering is and how it works]]
While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice, the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e. [[Organ (biology)|organs]], [[bone]], [[Autologous chondrocyte implantation|cartilage]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Whitney GA, Jayaraman K, Dennis JE, Mansour JM | title = Scaffold-free cartilage subjected to frictional shear stress demonstrates damage by cracking and surface peeling | journal = Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 412–24 | date = February 2017 | pmid = 24965503 | pmc = 4641823 | doi = 10.1002/term.1925 }}</ref> [[blood vessel]]s, [[Urinary bladder|bladder]], [[skin]], [[muscle]] etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using [[cell (biology)|cells]] within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an [[artificial pancreas]], or a [[Bioartificial liver device|bio artificial liver]]). The term ''[[Stem cell treatments|regenerative medicine]]'' is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in [[regenerative medicine]] place more emphasis on the use of [[stem cell]]s or [[progenitor cells]] to produce tissues.