Editing Titanium dioxide (section)

{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = sleep
| Watchedfields  = changed
| verifiedrevid  = 476992554
| Name           = Titanium dioxide
| ImageFile      = Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png
| ImageCaption   =  [[Unit cell]] of titanium dioxide (rutile form)<BR /> {{color box|#d3d3d3}} Titanium {{color box|#ee2010}} Oxygen
| ImageSize      = 
| ImageName      = Titanium(IV) oxide
| ImageFile1     = Titanium(IV)_oxide.jpg
| ImageSize1     = 
| ImageName1     = The unit cell of rutile
| IUPACName      = Titanium dioxide<br/>Titanium(IV) oxide
| OtherNames     = {{Unbulleted list|Titania|[[Rutile]]|[[Anatase]]|[[Brookite]]}}
| SystematicName = 
| Section1       = {{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 24256
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 15FIX9V2JP
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 1201136
| InChI = 1/2O.Ti/rO2Ti/c1-3-2
| InChIKey = GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-TYTSCOISAW
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 32234
| SMILES = O=[Ti]=O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/2O.Ti
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 13463-67-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 26042
| RTECS = XR2775000
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| KEGG = C13409
}}
| Section2       = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = {{chem|TiO|2}}
| MolarMass = 79.866&nbsp;g/mol
| Appearance = White solid
| Odor = Odorless
| Density = {{ubl
 | 4.23&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup> (rutile)
 | 3.78&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup> (anatase)
 }}
| MeltingPtC = 1843
| BoilingPtC = 2972
| Solubility = Insoluble
| BandGap = 3.21{{nbsp}}eV (anatase)<ref name="Zanatta">{{cite journal |last1=Zanatta |first1=A.R. | title= Temperature-dependent optical bandgap of TiO2 under the Anatase and Rutile phases |journal=Results Phys. |date=May 2024 |volume=60 |pages= 107653–5pp |doi=10.1016/j.rinp.2024.107653 |doi-access=free }}</ref>  
3.15{{nbsp}}eV (rutile)<ref name="Zanatta"/> 
| RefractIndex = {{ubl
 | 2.488 (anatase)
 | 2.583 (brookite)
 | 2.609 (rutile)
 }}
| MagSus = +5.9·10<sup>−6</sup>{{nbsp}}cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
}}
| Section3       = 
| Section4       = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −945&nbsp;kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1>{{cite book |author= Zumdahl, Steven S.|title =Chemical Principles 6th Ed. |publisher= Houghton Mifflin Company |year= 2009 |isbn= 978-0-618-94690-7|page=A23}}</ref>
| Entropy = 50&nbsp;J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup><ref name=b1/>
 }}
| Section5       = 
| Section6       = 
| Section7       = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0338.htm ICSC 0338]
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-S =
| FlashPt = not flammable
| IDLH = Ca [5000{{nbsp}}mg/m<sup>3</sup>]<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0617}}</ref>
| REL = Ca<ref name=PGCH/>
| PEL = TWA 15{{nbsp}}mg/m<sup>3</sup><ref name=PGCH/>
}}
| Section8       = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions =
| OtherCations = [[Zirconium dioxide]]<br/>[[Hafnium dioxide]]
| OtherFunction = [[Titanium(II) oxide]]<br/>[[Titanium(III) oxide]]<br/>[[Titanium(III,IV) oxide]]
| OtherFunction_label = [[Titanium]] [[oxide]]s
| OtherCompounds = [[Titanic acid]]
}}
}}

'''Titanium dioxide''', also known as '''titanium(IV) oxide''' or '''titania''' {{IPAc-en|t|aɪ|ˈ|t|eɪ|n|i|ə}}, is the [[inorganic compound]] derived from [[titanium]] with the chemical formula {{chem|TiO|2}}. When used as a [[pigment]], it is called '''[[titanium white]]''', '''Pigment White 6''' ('''PW6'''), or '''[[Colour Index International|CI 77891]]'''.<ref name=Ullmann>{{Ullmann|author=Völz, Hans G. |display-authors=etal |title=Pigments, Inorganic|year=2006|doi=10.1002/14356007.a20_243.pub2}}</ref> It is a white solid that is insoluble in water, although mineral forms can appear black. As a pigment, it has a wide range of applications, including [[paint]], [[sunscreen]], and [[food coloring]]. When used as a food coloring, it has [[E number]] E171. World production in 2014 exceeded 9 million tonnes.<ref>[http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/titanium/myb1-2014-titan.pdf "Titanium"] in ''2014 Minerals Yearbook''. USGS</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2015/mcs2015.pdf|title=Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2015|website=U.S. Geological Survey|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2016/mcs2016.pdf|title=Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2016|website=U.S. Geological Survey|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey 2016}}</ref> It has been estimated that titanium dioxide is used in two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have been valued at a price of $13.2 billion.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2018-quest-for-billion-dollar-red/|title=The Quest for the Next Billion-Dollar Color|last=Schonbrun|first=Zach|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2018-04-24}}</ref>
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