Editing Torbernite (section)

{{Short description|Copper uranyl phosphate mineral}}
{{Distinguish|Tobermorite|Torbanite}}

{{Infobox mineral
| name        = Torbernite
| category    = [[Phosphate minerals]]
| boxwidth    = 
| boxbgcolor  = 
| image       = Torbernite-120981.jpg
| imagesize   = 260px
| caption     = Torbernite crystals from Mashamba West Mine, [[Kolwezi]], [[Katanga Province]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
| formula     = Cu[(UO<sub>2</sub>)(PO<sub>4</sub>)]<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>12</sub><ref name="LocockBurns" />
| IMAsymbol   = Tor<ref name="Warr" />
| molweight   = 641 – 713 g/mol, depending the degree of water loss
| strunz      = 8.EB.05
| system      = Tetragonal
| class       = Ditetragonal dipyramidal (4/mmm) <br/>[[H-M symbol]]: (4/m 2/m 2/m)<ref name="Webmineral" />
| symmetry    = ''I4/mmm''<ref name="StrunzNickel" />
| color       = Emerald green to apple green<ref name="Handbookofmineralogy" />
| habit       = Tabular crystals; Foliated to earthy masses and encrustations
| twinning    = Rare on [110]
| cleavage    = [001] Perfect; [100] Distinct<ref name="Handbookofmineralogy" />
| fracture    = Brittle<ref name="Handbookofmineralogy" />
| mohs        = 2–2.5<ref name="Handbookofmineralogy" />
| luster      = Vitreous; pearly<ref name="Handbookofmineralogy" />
| refractive  = nω = 1.590 – 1.592 nε = 1.581 – 1.582<ref name="Webmineral" />
| opticalprop = Uniaxial (−)
| birefringence = δ = 0.009 – 0.010<ref name="Webmineral" />
| pleochroism = Visible
| streak      = Pale green
| density     = measured: 3.22; calculated: 3.264(1)<ref name="Handbookofmineralogy" />
| melt        = Decomposes before
| fusibility  = Decomposes before
| diagnostic  = 
| solubility  = 
| diaphaneity = Transparent to subtranslucent
| other       = [[Image:Radioactive.svg|25px]] [[Radioactive]] and [[Poisonous]] [[File:Hazard T.svg|30px]]
| references  = 
}}

'''Torbernite''', also known as '''chalcolite''',<ref name="Klockmann" />  is a relatively common [[mineral]] with the chemical formula Cu[(UO<sub>2</sub>)(PO<sub>4</sub>)]<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>12</sub>.<ref name="LocockBurns" /> It is a [[radioactive]], [[hydrate]]d green [[copper]] [[uranyl]] [[phosphate]], found in [[granite]]s and other uranium-bearing deposits as a secondary mineral. 
The chemical formula of torbernite is similar to that of [[autunite]] in which a Cu<sup>2+</sup> cation replaces a Ca<sup>2+</sup> cation. Torbernite tends to [[Dehydration reaction|dehydrate]] to [[metatorbernite]] with the sum formula Cu[(UO<sub>2</sub>)(PO<sub>4</sub>)]<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>8</sub>.