Editing Traffic calming (section)

{{Short description|Road design measures that raise the safety of pedestrians and motorists}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{redirect|Slow street|the Slow Streets Program|Oakland, California#Oakland Slow Streets Program}}
[[File:Traffic calming.jpg|thumb|Two traffic calming measures on a road in England: [[speed cushion]]s (the two reddish pads in the road) and a [[curb extension]] (marked by the black posts and white stripes)]]
[[File:Traffic-calmed neighbourhood.jpg|thumb|[[Traffic sign|Signing]] indicating that a motorist is approaching traffic calming devices]]

'''Traffic calming''' uses physical design and other measures to improve safety for motorists, car drivers, [[pedestrian]]s and [[bicycle-friendly|cyclists]]. It has become a tool to combat speeding and other unsafe behaviours of drivers.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the City|last=Caves|first=R. W.|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=978-0415862875|page=674}}</ref> It aims to encourage safer, more responsible driving and potentially reduce [[traffic flow]]. [[Urban planner]]s and [[Traffic engineering (transportation)|traffic engineers]] have many strategies for traffic calming, including [[road diet|narrowed roads]] and [[speed hump]]s. Such measures are common in [[Australia]] and [[Europe]] (especially Northern Europe), but less so in [[North America]]. Traffic calming is a [[calque]] (literal translation) of the German word {{Lang|de|Verkehrsberuhigung}} &ndash; the term's first published use in English was in 1985 by Carmen Hass-Klau.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hass-Klau|first=Carmen|title=Trying to calm the motor car|journal=Town and Country Planning|date=February 1985|pages=51–53}}</ref>