Editing Transdifferentiation (section)

{{short description|Process in developmental biology}}
{{Technical|date=February 2015}}

'''Transdifferentiation''', also known as '''lineage reprogramming''',<ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Orkin | first1 = S. H. 
| last2 = Zon | first2 = L. I. 
| doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.025 
| title = Hematopoiesis: An Evolving Paradigm for Stem Cell Biology 
| journal = Cell 
| volume = 132 
| issue = 4 
| pages = 631–644 
| year = 2008 
| pmid = 18295580 
| pmc =2628169 
}}</ref> is the process in which one mature [[somatic cell]] is transformed into another mature somatic cell without undergoing an intermediate [[Induced pluripotent stem cell|pluripotent]] state or [[progenitor cell]] type.<ref name="Forcing cells to change lineages">{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Graf | first1 = T. 
| last2 = Enver | first2 = T. 
| doi = 10.1038/nature08533 
| title = Forcing cells to change lineages 
| journal = Nature 
| volume = 462 
| issue = 7273 
| pages = 587–594 
| year = 2009 
| pmid = 19956253 
| bibcode = 2009Natur.462..587G 
| s2cid = 4417323 
}}</ref> It is a type of [[metaplasia]], which includes all cell fate switches, including the interconversion of stem cells. Current uses of transdifferentiation include disease modeling and [[drug discovery]] and in the future may include [[gene therapy]] and [[regenerative medicine]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Pournasr | first1 = B. 
| last2 = Khaloughi | first2 = K. 
| last3 = Salekdeh | first3 = G. H. 
| last4 = Totonchi | first4 = M. 
| last5 = Shahbazi | first5 = E. 
| last6 = Baharvand | first6 = H. 
| doi = 10.1002/stem.760 
| title = Concise Review: Alchemy of Biology: Generating Desired Cell Types from Abundant and Accessible Cells 
| journal = Stem Cells 
| volume = 29 
| issue = 12 
| pages = 1933–1941 
| year = 2011 
| pmid = 21997905 
| doi-access = free 
}}</ref> The term 'transdifferentiation' was originally coined by Selman and Kafatos<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Selman|first1=Kelly|last2=Kafatos|first2=Fotis C.|date=1974-07-01|title=Transdifferentiation in the labial gland of silk moths: is DNA required for cellular metamorphosis?|journal=Cell Differentiation|volume=3|issue=2|pages=81–94|doi=10.1016/0045-6039(74)90030-X|pmid=4277742}}</ref> in 1974 to describe a change in cell properties as cuticle-producing cells became salt-secreting cells in [[Silkworm|silk moth]]s undergoing [[metamorphosis]].<ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Selman | first1 = K. 
| last2 = Kafatos | first2 = F. C. 
| title = Transdifferentiation in the labial gland of silk moths: Is DNA required for cellular metamorphosis? 
| journal = Cell Differentiation 
| volume = 3 
| issue = 2 
| pages = 81–94 
| year = 2013
| pmid = 4277742
 | doi=10.1016/0045-6039(74)90030-x
}}</ref>