Editing Transfer RNA (section)

{{Short description|RNA that facilitates the addition of amino acids to a new protein}}
{{Infobox rfam
| Name = tRNA
| image = Peptide syn.svg
| width =
| caption = Illustration of tRNA in translation
| Symbol = t
| AltSymbols =
| Rfam = RF00005
| miRBase =
| miRBase_family =
| RNA_type = [[gene]], [[tRNA]]
| Tax_domain =
| CAS_number =
| EntrezGene =
| HGNCid =
| OMIM =
| PDB = 3icq, 1asy, 1asz, 1il2, 2tra, 3tra, 486d, 1fir, 1yfg, 3eph, 3epj, 3epk, 3epl, 1efw, 1c0a, 2ake, 2azx, 2dr2, 1f7u, 1f7v, 3foz, 2hgp, 2j00, 2j02, 2ow8, 2v46, 2v48, 2wdg, 2wdh, 2wdk, 2wdm, 2wh1
| RefSeq =
| Chromosome =
| Arm =
| Band =
| LocusSupplementaryData =
}}
'''Transfer ribonucleic acid''' ('''tRNA'''), formerly referred to as '''soluble ribonucleic acid''' ('''sRNA'''),<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Plescia OJ, Palczuk NC, Cora-Figueroa E, Mukherjee A, Braun W | title = Production of antibodies to soluble RNA (sRNA) | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 54 | issue = 4 | pages = 1281–1285 | date = October 1965 | pmid = 5219832 | pmc = 219862 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.54.4.1281 | bibcode = 1965PNAS...54.1281P | doi-access = free }}</ref> is an adaptor [[molecule]] composed of [[RNA]], typically 76 to 90 [[nucleotides]] in length (in eukaryotes).<ref name="sharp1985">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sharp SJ, Schaack J, Cooley L, Burke DJ, Söll D | title = Structure and transcription of eukaryotic tRNA genes | journal = CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry | volume = 19 | issue = 2 | pages = 107–144 | date = 1985 | pmid = 3905254 | doi = 10.3109/10409238509082541 }}</ref> In a [[Cell (biology)|cell]], it provides the physical link between the [[genetic code]] in [[messenger RNA]] (mRNA) and the [[amino acid]] sequence of proteins, carrying the correct sequence of amino acids to be combined by the protein-synthesizing machinery, the [[ribosome]]. Each three-nucleotide [[codon]] in mRNA is [[Base pair|complemented]] by a three-nucleotide [[#Anticodon|anticodon]] in tRNA. As such, tRNAs are a necessary component of [[Translation (biology)|translation]], the biological synthesis of new [[protein]]s in accordance with the genetic code.