Editing Transit-oriented development (section)

{{Short description|Urban planning prioritising transit}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Sustainable_transport_sidebar}}
[[File:Arlington County - Virginia.jpg|thumb|The local government of [[Arlington County, Virginia]] encourages transit-oriented development within {{convert|1/4|to|1/2|mi|m}} from the county's [[Washington Metro]] [[rapid transit]] stations, with [[mixed-use development]], [[bikesharing]] and [[walkability]].]] 
In urban planning, '''transit-oriented development''' ('''TOD''') is a type of [[Real estate development|urban development]] that maximizes the amount of [[Residential area|residential]], [[business]] and [[leisure]] space within [[Pedestrian|walking]] distance of [[public transport]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Calthorpe|first1=Peter|author-link=Peter Calthorpe|title=The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream|date=1993|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|location=New York|isbn=9781878271686}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cervero |first1=Robert |author-link=Robert Cervero |title=Transit Oriented Development in America: Experiences, Challenges, and Prospects |date=2004 |publisher=Transit Cooperative Research Program, Report 102 |isbn=978-0-309-08795-7 |location=Washington |display-authors=etal}} [https://www.valleymetro.org/sites/default/files/legacy-images/uploads/general_publications/TCRP-Report-102_TOD-in-the-US-Experiences-Challenges-and-Prospects_10-04.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206040056/https://www.valleymetro.org/sites/default/files/legacy-images/uploads/general_publications/TCRP-Report-102_TOD-in-the-US-Experiences-Challenges-and-Prospects_10-04.pdf|date=February 6, 2021}}</ref> It promotes a symbiotic relationship between dense, compact urban form and public transport use.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the City|last=Caves|first=R. W.|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|isbn=978-0415862875|pages=676}}</ref> In doing so, TOD aims to increase [[public transport]] ridership by reducing the use of private cars and by promoting sustainable urban growth.<ref>Robert Cervero, Chris Ferrell and Steven Murphy (2002). [http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rrd_52.pdf Transit-Oriented Development and Joint Development in the United States: A Literature Review], Research Results Digest Number 52, Transit Cooperative Research Program.</ref>

TOD typically includes a central transit stop (such as a [[train station]], or [[light rail]] or [[bus]] stop) surrounded by a [[Urban density|high-density]] [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use]] area, with lower-density areas spreading out from this center, serving as part of an [[integrated transport network]]. TOD is also typically designed to be more [[Walkability|walkable]] than other [[built-up area]]s, by using smaller [[City block|block sizes]] and reducing the land area dedicated to [[Car|automobiles]]. In some areas, it may include [[ferries]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tanko |first1=M. |last2=Burke |first2=M.I. |title=Transport innovations and their effect on cities: the emergence of urban linear ferries worldwide |journal=Transportation Research Procedia |date=2017 |volume=25 |pages=3957–3970 |doi=10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.483 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sustainablecitiesinstitute.org/topics/land-use-and-planning/transit-oriented-development-(tod)|title=Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)|website=www.sustainablecitiesinstitute.org|access-date=December 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220173407/http://www.sustainablecitiesinstitute.org/topics/land-use-and-planning/transit-oriented-development-(tod)|archive-date=December 20, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itdp.org/library/standards-and-guides/transit-oriented-development-are-you-on-the-map/what-is-tod/|title=What is TOD?|website=Institute for Transportation and Development Policy|date=July 24, 2014 }}</ref> Areas that center a transit station as a hub while building residential-focused TOD development in the immediate area are known as [[Transit village|transit villages]].

The densest areas of TOD are normally located within a radius of {{frac|1|4}} to {{frac|1|2}} mile (400 to 800 m) around the central transit stop, as this is considered to be an appropriate scale for [[pedestrian]]s, thus solving the [[Last mile (transport)|last mile problem]].

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