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Transliteration
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{{short description|Conversion of a text from one script to another}} {{Distinguish|Translation|Translation#Literary translation{{!}}literary translation|Calque{{!}}loan translation}} {{Redirect|Transliterate|the concept of being literate in all media|Transliteracy|the Wikipedia template|Template:Transliteration}} {{See also|Literal translation}} {{multiple issues| {{more citations needed|date=October 2024}} {{original research|date=October 2024}}}} {{Translation sidebar}} '''Transliteration''' is a type of conversion of a text from one [[writing system|script]] to another that involves swapping [[Letter (alphabet)|letters]] (thus ''[[wikt:trans-#Prefix|trans-]]'' + ''[[wikt:littera#Latin|liter-]]'') in predictable ways, such as Greek {{angbr|[[Alpha|α]]}} → {{angbr|[[a]]}} and {{angbr|[[Chi (letter)|χ]]}} → the digraph {{angbr|[[Ch (digraph)|ch]]}}, Cyrillic {{angbr|[[De (Cyrillic)|д]]}} → {{angbr|[[d]]}}, Armenian {{angbr|[[Armenian alphabet|ն]]}} → {{angbr|[[n]]}} or Latin {{angbr|[[æ]]}} → {{angbr|[[List of Latin-script digraphs#A|ae]]}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Transliteration |url=https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/transliteration#:~:text=Transliteration%20is%20the%20process%20of,and%20names%20in%20foreign%20languages. |access-date=26 April 2021}}</ref> For instance, for the [[Greek language|Greek]] term {{angbr|{{lang|el|Ελληνική Δημοκρατία}}}}, which is usually [[Translation|translated]] as '[[Greece|Hellenic Republic]]', the usual [[Romanization of Greek|transliteration]] into the [[Latin script]] ([[romanization]]) is {{angbr|Hellēnikḗ Dēmokratía}}; and the [[Russian language|Russian]] term {{angbr|{{lang|ru|Российская Республика}}}}, which is usually translated as '[[Russian Republic]]', can be [[BGN/PCGN romanization of Russian|transliterated]] either as {{angbr|Rossiyskaya Respublika}} or [[Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic|alternatively]] as {{angbr|Rossijskaja Respublika}}. Transliteration is the process of representing or intending to represent a word, phrase, or text in a different script or writing system. Transliterations are designed to convey the pronunciation of the original word in a different script, allowing readers or speakers of that script to approximate the sounds and pronunciation of the original word. Transliterations do not change the pronunciation of the word. Thus, in the Greek above example, {{angbr|λλ}} is transliterated {{angbr|ll}} though it is pronounced exactly the same way as {{IPA|[l]}}, or the Greek letters, {{angbr|λλ}}. {{angbr|Δ}} is transliterated {{angbr|D}} though pronounced as {{IPA|[ð]}}, and {{angbr|η}} is transliterated {{angbr|ī}}, though it is pronounced {{IPA|[i]}} (exactly like {{angbr|ι}}) and is not [[Vowel length|long]]. [[Transcription (linguistics)|Transcription]], conversely, seeks to capture sound, but phonetically approximate it into the new script; {{angbr|{{lang|el|Ελληνική Δημοκρατία}}}} corresponds to {{IPA|el|eliniˈci ðimokraˈtia|}} in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]]. While differentiation is lost in the case of {{IPA|[i]}}, note the allophonic realization of {{IPA|/k/}} as a palatalized {{IPA|[c]}} when preceding front vowels {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/i/}}. [[Bracket#Angle brackets|Angle brackets]] {{mono|{{angbr| }}}} may be used to set off transliteration, as opposed to slashes {{mono|1=/ /}} for phonemic transcription and square brackets for phonetic transcription. Angle brackets may also be used to set off characters in the original script. Conventions and author preferences vary.
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