Editing Transvaal Colony (section)

{{Short description|British colony from 1877 to 1881 and 1902 to 1910}}
{{About|the former British colony|other uses|Transvaal (disambiguation)}}
{{coord|25|S|30|E|type:country|display=title}}
{{Use South African English|date=July 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox former country
| conventional_long_name = Transvaal Colony
| native_name            = {{native name|af|paren=omit|Transvaalkolonie}}
| common_name            = Transvaal Colony
| life_span              = {{ubl|1877–1910}}
| status                 = [[Crown colony]] of the [[British Empire|United Kingdom]]
| empire                 = United Kingdom
| image_flag             = Flag of the Transvaal Colony 1904–1910.svg
| flag_type_article      = Flag of Transvaal
| flag_size              = 
| image_coat             = Badge of the Transvaal Colony (1904–1910).svg
| coa_size               = 
| symbol_type            = Badge
| royal_anthem           = "[[God Save the King]]"
| image_map              = LocationZARca1890.svg
| image_map_caption      = Location of Transvaal, circa 1890
| capital                = [[Pretoria]]
| languages_type         = {{nowr|Official language}}
| languages              = [[English language|English]]
| languages2_sub         = yes
| languages2_type        = {{nowr|Common languages}}
| languages2             = [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Southern Ndebele language|Ndebele]], [[Northern Sotho language|Sepedi]], [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]], [[Tswana language|Tswana]], [[Venda language|Venda]], [[Zulu language|Zulu]]
| ethnic_groups          = {{plainlist|
* 73.79% [[Bantu peoples of South Africa|Black]]
* 23.40% [[White South Africans|White]]
* 1.90% [[Coloureds|Coloured]]
* 0.89% [[Asian (South Africa)|Asian]] 
}}
| ethnic_groups_year     = 1904
| religion               = {{ubl|[[Dutch Reformed Church|Dutch Reformed]]|[[Anglican]]}}
| legislature            = Parliament of the Transvaal
| upper_house            = Legislative Council
| lower_house            = Legislative Assembly
| government_type        = {{nowr|[[Constitutional monarchy]]}}
| title_leader           = [[List of British monarchs|Monarch]]
| leader1                = [[Edward VII]]
| leader2                = [[George V]]
| year_leader1           = 1877–1910
| year_leader2           = 1910
| title_representative   = [[List of governors of British South African colonies#Transvaal Colony|Governor]]
| representative1        = {{nowr|[[Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner|Viscount Milner]]}}
| representative2        = {{nowr|[[William Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne|Earl of Selborne]]}}
| year_representative1   = 1902–1905
| year_representative2   = 1905–1910
| title_deputy           = [[List of governors of British South African colonies#Prime Minister of the Transvaal|Prime Minister]]
| deputy1                = [[Louis Botha]]
| year_deputy1           = 1907–1910
| era                    = {{nowr|[[Scramble for Africa]]}}
| date_start             = 12 April
| year_start             = 1877
| event1                 = {{nowr|[[Pretoria Convention]]}}
| date_event1            = 3 August 1881
| event2                 = {{nowr|'Transvaal Colony' Proclaimed}}
| date_event2            = 1 September 1900
| event3                 = {{nowr|[[Treaty of Vereeniging]]}}
| date_event3            = 31 May 1902
| event4                 = {{nowr|Grant of responsible self-government}}
| date_event4            = 6 December 1906
| event_end              = {{nowr|[[Union of South Africa]]}}
| date_end               = 31 May
| year_end               = 1910
| stat_year1             = 1904
| stat_pop1              = 1,268,716<ref name=britcensus />
| p1                     = South African Republic
| s1                     = Union of South Africa
| flag_p1                = Flag of Transvaal.svg
| flag_s1                = South Africa Flag 1910-1912.svg
| today                  = [[South Africa]]<br>[[Eswatini]]
| footnotes              = 
| demonym                = 
| area_km2               = 
| area_rank              = 
| GDP_PPP                = 
| GDP_PPP_year           = 
| HDI                    = 
| HDI_year               = 
| s2                     = Swaziland Protectorate
| flag_s2                = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg
}}

The '''Transvaal Colony''' ({{IPA|af|transˈfɑːl}}) was the name used to refer to the Transvaal region during the period of direct British rule and military occupation between the end of the [[Second Boer War]] in 1902 when the [[South African Republic]] was dissolved, and the establishment of the [[Union of South Africa]] in 1910. The borders of the Transvaal Colony<ref name=devilliers>{{cite book|last=De Villiers|first=John|title=The Transvaal|year=1896|publisher=Chatto & Windus|location=London|url=https://archive.org/stream/transvaal00devi#page/n29/mode/2up}}</ref> were larger than the defeated South African Republic (which had existed from 1856 to 1902).<ref>Irish University Press Series: British Parliamentary Papers Colonies Africa, BPPCA Transvaal Vol 37 (1971) No 41 at 267</ref> In 1910 the entire territory became the [[Transvaal Province]] of the Union of South Africa.