Editing Tulku (section)

{{Short description|Title in Tibetan Buddhism}}
{{About||the 2009 film|Tulku (film)}}
{{redirect|Living Buddha|the practice of live mummification in some Buddhist sects|Sokushinbutsu}}
{{Tibetan Buddhism}}
A '''''tulku''''' ({{bo|t=སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་|w=sprul sku|z=Zhügu}}, also '''''tülku''''', '''''trulku''''') is an individual recognized as the reincarnation of a previous spiritual master ([[lama]]), and expected to be reincarnated, in turn, after death. The tulku is a distinctive and significant aspect of [[Tibetan Buddhism]], embodying the concept of enlightened beings taking corporeal forms to continue the lineage of specific teachings. The term "tulku" is a [[loanword]] from Tibetan སྤྲུལ་སྐུ ("sprul sku"), which originally referred to an emperor or ruler taking human form on Earth, signifying a divine incarnation. Over time, it evolved within Tibetan Buddhism to denote the corporeal existence of certain highly accomplished Buddhist masters whose purpose was to ensure the preservation and transmission of a particular lineage.

The tulku system originated in Tibet, particularly associated with the recognition of the second [[Karmapa]] in the 13th century. Since then, numerous tulku lineages have been established, with each tulku having a distinctive role in preserving and propagating specific teachings. Other high-profile examples of tulkus include the [[Dalai Lamas]], the [[Panchen Lama]]s, the [[Samding Dorje Phagmo]]s, [[Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo#Tulkus|Khyentses]], the [[Zhabdrung Rinpoche]]s, and the [[Jamgon Kongtrul#Tulkus|Kongtruls]].

The process of recognizing tulkus involves a combination of traditional and supernatural methods. When a tulku passes away, a committee of senior lamas convenes to identify the reincarnation. They may look for signs left by the departed tulku, consult oracles, rely on dreams or visions, and sometimes even observe natural phenomena like rainbows. This process combines mysticism and tradition to pinpoint the successor who will carry forward the teachings of their predecessor.

A [[Western tulku]] is the recognized successor to a lama or dharma master born in the West, commonly of non-[[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] ethnic heritage. This recognition has sparked debates and discussions regarding the cultural adaptation and authenticity of Westerners within the traditional Tibetan tulku system. Some argue that Westerners should explore their own forms of Buddhism rather than attempting to fit into this system. Western tulkus may struggle to gain recognition among laypeople and even other monastics. Generally, Western tulkus do not follow traditional Tibetan monastic life, and commonly leave their home monasteries for alternative careers, not necessarily chaplaincy.{{sfn|Ary|2012|p=426}}