Editing Ubiquitous computing (section)

{{short description|Concept in software engineering and computer science}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2017}}
''' Ubiquitous computing''' (or "'''ubicomp'''") is a concept in [[software engineering]], [[hardware engineering]] and [[computer science]] where [[computing]] is made to appear seamlessly anytime and everywhere. In contrast to [[desktop computing]], [[ubiquitous]] computing implies use on any device, in any location, and in any format. A user interacts with the computer, which can exist in many different forms, including [[laptop computers]], [[Tablet computer|tablets]], [[smart phones]] and [[Computer terminal|terminals]] in everyday objects such as a [[refrigerator]] or [[Smartglasses|a pair of glasses]]. The underlying technologies to support ubiquitous computing include the [[Internet]], advanced [[middleware]], [[Kernel (operating system)|kernels]], [[operating system]]s, [[mobile code]]s, [[sensor]]s, [[microprocessor]]s, new [[I/O]]s and [[user interface]]s, [[computer network]]s, mobile protocols, [[GNSS|global navigational system]]s, and new materials.

This [[paradigm]] is also described as '''pervasive computing''',<ref name="Nieuwdorp2007-Discourse">{{Cite journal|last1=Nieuwdorp |first1=E. |title=The pervasive discourse |doi=10.1145/1279540.1279553 |journal=Computers in Entertainment |volume=5 |issue=2 |page=13 |year=2007|s2cid=17759896 }}</ref> [[ambient intelligence]],<ref>{{cite book|title=Pervasive Computing: The Mobile World |last=Hansmann | first=Uwe |year=2003 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-00218-5}}</ref> or "everyware".<ref>{{cite book|title=Everyware: The Dawning Age of Ubiquitous Computing |last=Greenfield |first=Adam |author-link=Adam Greenfield |year=2006 |publisher=New Riders |isbn=978-0-321-38401-0 |pages=11–12}}</ref> Each term emphasizes slightly different aspects. When primarily concerning the objects involved, it is also known as [[physical computing]], the [[Internet of Things]], [[haptic technology|haptic computing]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldhaptics.org/hapticConferences.htm
|title=World Haptics Conferences |publisher=Haptics Technical Committee |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116021108/http://www.worldhaptics.org/hapticConferences.htm |archive-date=16 November 2011}}</ref> and "things that think".
Rather than propose a single definition for ubiquitous computing and for these related terms, a [[Taxonomy (general)|taxonomy]] of properties for ubiquitous computing has been proposed, from which different kinds or flavors of ubiquitous systems and applications can be described.<ref name="Poslad">{{cite book |last=Poslad |first=Stefan |title=Ubiquitous Computing Smart Devices, Smart Environments and Smart Interaction |publisher=Wiley |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-470-03560-3 |url=http://pervasivecomputing.se/M7012E_2014/material/Wiley.Ubiquitous.Computing.Smart.Devices.Environments.And.Interactions.May.2009.eBook.pdf |access-date=2019-05-27 |archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527073110/http://pervasivecomputing.se/M7012E_2014/material/Wiley.Ubiquitous.Computing.Smart.Devices.Environments.And.Interactions.May.2009.eBook.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ubiquitous computing themes include: [[distributed computing]], [[mobile computing]], location computing, mobile networking, [[sensor network]]s, [[human–computer interaction]], [[context awareness|context-aware]] smart home technologies, and [[artificial intelligence]].