Editing Ukko (section)

{{short description|God of the sky, weather, harvest and thunder in Finnish mythology}}

{{Infobox deity
| type = Finnic
| image = Ekman,_Lemminkäinen_tulisella_järvellä_(sketch).jpg
| caption = Painting by [[Robert Wilhelm Ekman|Robert Ekman]] in 1867 called {{Lang|fi|Lemminkäinen tulisella järvellä}} where {{lang|fi|[[Lemminkäinen]]}} asks help from {{lang|fi|Ukko ylijumala|italic=unset}} with crossing the lake in fire on his route to the ''wedding at  {{lang|fi|Pohjola|italic=unset}}''.
| name = Ukko
| god_of = God of the sky, lightning, thunder, and harvest
| abode = 
| symbol = Rowan tree, great mullein
| weapon = Hammer, sword or axe
| battles = 
| consort = [[Akka (spirit)|Akka]]
| parents = 
| siblings = 
| children = 
| mount = 
| Slavic_equivalent = [[Perun]]
| equivalent1_type = Norse
| equivalent1 = [[Thor]]
| equivalent2_type = Baltic
| equivalent2 = [[Perkūnas]]
| equivalent3_type = Sami
| equivalent3 = [[Horagalles]]<ref>[[Gabriel Turville-Petre|Turville-Petre, E. O. G.]] (1964). ''[https://ia600508.us.archive.org/34/items/TurvillePetreMythAndReligionOfTheNorth/Turville-Petre_Myth_and_Religion_of_the_North_text.pdf Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia]''. [[Weidenfeld and Nicolson]] p. 98.</ref>
| Greek_equivalent = [[Zeus]]
| Etruscan_equivalent = 
| Roman_equivalent = [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]]
| Hinduism_equivalent = [[Indra]]
| Indo-european_equivalent = [[Perkwunos]]
}}
[[Image:Ukonkivi2.jpg|thumb|278x278px|{{lang|fi|[[Ukonkivi]]}} (Ukko's rock) in [[Lake Inari]] in [[Lapland (Sweden)|Lapland]]. {{lang|fi|Ukonkivi|italic=unset}} was a holy site to the [[Inari Sami people|local Sami]] and [[archeology|archeological]] finds, apparently [[sacrifice|offerings]], have been found there.]]'''{{lang|fi|Ukko|italic=unset}}''' ({{IPA|fi|ˈukːo|lang}}),<ref>{{cite book |title=Dictionary of Nature Myths: Legends of the earth, sea, and sky |isbn=0-19-513677-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7jS65aClvFEC&dq=UKKO&pg=PA214 214] |last1=Andrews |first1=Tamra |date=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref> '''{{lang|fi|Äijä|italic=unset}}''' {{IPA|fi|ˈæi̯jæ|}} or '''{{lang|fi|Äijö|italic=unset}}''' {{IPA|fi|ˈæi̯jø|}} ([[Finnish language|Finnish]] for 'male grandparent', 'grandfather', 'old man'),<ref>{{cite book |title=Suomen sanojen alkuperä |year=2000 |publisher=SKS |location=Helsinki, FI |isbn=951-717-712-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Äijät ja ämmät, vaarit ja muorit. Isovanhempien nimitykset suomen murteissa |url=http://www.kielikello.fi/index.php?mid=2&pid=11&aid=1048 |url-status=dead |access-date=2015-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225183810/http://www.kielikello.fi/index.php?mid=2&pid=11&aid=1048 |archive-date=2015-12-25 }}</ref> parallel to '''Uku''' in [[Estonian mythology]],<ref>{{cite magazine |first=J. |last=Sapas |date=October 1919 |title=Heathan religions of the ancient Estonians |magazine=The Esthonian Review |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=145–146 (re:''Uku'') |place=London, UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-D9DAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA145 |access-date=2023-07-04 |via=Google Books}}</ref> is the [[god of the sky]], weather, [[List of agricultural gods|harvest]], and [[List of thunder gods|thunder]]<ref name=Haavio-1967>{{cite book |last=Haavio |first=Martti |year=1967 |title=Suomalainen mytologia |publisher=WSOY |location=Porvoo Helsinki, FI}}</ref> across [[Finnic paganism]].

{{lang|fi|Ukkonen}}, the Finnish word for [[thunder]], is the [[diminutive]] form of the name {{lang|fi|Ukko}}.{{efn|
Compare to ''thunder'' ({{langx|ang|þunor}}) and {{langx|de|donner}} ({{langx|goh|donar}}) both derived from [[Proto-Germanic]] ''*þunraz'' and originally synonymic with appellations of the [[Thor|thunder god]].
}}{{efn|
In [[Finnish language|Finnish]], diminutive formations do not carry the same pejorative or belittling connotations they do in some other languages, for example [[Latin]].
}}
{{ill|Unto Salo|fi|Unto Salo|lt=Unto Salo}} believes that {{lang|fi|[[Ilmarinen|Ilmari]]}}, another Finnic sky god, is the origin of {{lang|fi|Ukko|italic=unset}}, but that as {{lang|fi|Ukko Ilmari|italic=unset}} experienced very significant, although far from total, influence from the [[Proto-Indo-European religion|Indo-European sky god]] especially in the form of [[Thor]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Salo |first=Unto |year=1990 |title=Agricola's Ukko in the light of archeology. A chronological and interpretative study of ancient Finnish religion: Old Norse and Finnish religions and cultic place-names |location=Turku |isbn=951-649-695-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Salo |first=Unto |year=2006 |title=Ukko: The god of thunder of the ancient Finns and his Indo-European family |publisher=[[Institute for the Study of Man]] |isbn=978-0941694940}}</ref> Some believe that {{lang|fi|Ukko|italic=unset}}'s original name was [[Baltic languages|Baltic]] [[Perkūnas]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Siikala |first=Anna-Leena |year=2013 |title=Itämerensuomalaisten mytologia |publisher=SKS |location=Helsinki}}</ref>

{{lang|fi|Ukko|italic=unset}} is considered to be the most significant [[god]] of Finnish mythology, although it is disputed by scholars whether this is accountable to later Christian influence. In the [[oral poetry|folk poems]] and [[prayers]], he is also given the [[epithet]] {{lang|fi|Ylijumala}} ('Supreme God'), probably in reference to his status as the most highly regarded god and on the other hand his traditional domain in the [[heaven]]s. Other names for {{lang|fi|Ukko|italic=unset}} include {{Lang|fi|Pitkänen}} ({{Lang|fi|pitkä}}, 'long'), {{Lang|fi|Isäinen}} ({{Lang|fi|isä}}, 'father'), {{Lang|fi|Isoinen}} ({{Lang|fi|iso}}, archaic form of the above, modern meaning 'great', 'big' or 'large'). Although portrayed active in [[myth]], when appealed to {{lang|fi|Ukko|italic=unset}} makes all his appearances in [[legend]] solely by [[natural phenomena]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Salo |first=Unto |year=1990 |title=Agricola's Ukko in the light of archeology |quote=A chronological and interpretative study of ancient Finnish religion: Old Norse and Finnish religions and cultic place-names. |location=Turku |isbn=951-649-695-4}}</ref> According to {{lang|fi|[[Martti Haavio]]}}, the name Ukko was sometimes used as a [[common noun]] or generalised epithet for multiple deities instead of denoting a specific god.<ref name=Haavio-1959/>
[[Image:Ukkosjumalan aseet.svg|thumb|285x285px|Pre-Christian pendants associated with [[God of Thunder|thunder gods]].
{{nobr|'''{{sc|A}}''' Finnish}} type,
{{nobr|'''{{sc|B}}''' Swedish}} type,
{{nobr|'''{{sc|C}}''' Wolf's}} cross.
]]