Editing Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (section)

{{Short description|Umayyad caliph from 717 to 720}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz{{break}}{{lang|ar|عمر بن عبد العزيز}}
| image        = [[File:Gold dinar of Umar II.jpg|300px]]
| caption      = [[Gold dinar]] of Umar, {{circa|719}}
| title        = {{ubl|{{transliteration|ar|[[Amir al-Mu'minin]]}}|{{transliteration|ar|[[List of Caliphs|Khalifat Allah]]}}}}
| succession   = 8th [[Caliph]] of the [[Umayyad Caliphate]]
| reign        = 22 September 717 – 4 February 720<br>({{age in years and days|717|9|22|720|2|5|duration=yes}})
| predecessor  = [[Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik|Sulayman]]
| successor    = [[Yazid II]]
| succession1  = [[Governor of Medina]]
| reign1       = 706–712
| reign-type1  = In office<ref>{{harvnb|Yarshater|1985–2007|loc=v. 23: pp. 131-33, 139, 145, 148, 156, 183, 201-03}}; {{harvnb|McMillan|2011|pp=95–96, 103–04}}; {{harvtxt|EI2|loc=s.v. "Umar (II) b. Abd al-Aziz"}}; {{harvnb|Khalifah ibn Khayyat|1985|p=311}}; {{harvnb|Al-Ya'qubi|1883|p=339}}; {{harvnb|Al-Baladhuri|1916|p=20}}.</ref>
| predecessor1 = [[Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi]]<ref>{{harvnb|Yarshater|1985–2007|loc=v. 23: pp. 33, 71, 76, 114, 131-33}}; {{harvnb|McMillan|2011|pp=79, 92–93, 95, 102–03}}; {{harvtxt|EI2|loc=s.v. "Makhzum"}}; {{harvnb|Khalifah ibn Khayyat|1985|pp=293, 311}}; {{harvnb|Al-Ya'qubi|1883|p=335}}.</ref>
| successor1   = [[Uthman ibn Hayyan al-Murri]]<ref>{{harvnb|Yarshater|1985–2007|loc=v. 23: pp. 202-03, 206 ff., 214, 217; v. 24: pp. 3-4}}; {{harvnb|McMillan|2011|pp=105, 110–11}}; {{harvtxt|EI2|loc=s.v. "Murra"}}; {{harvnb|Khalifah ibn Khayyat|1985|pp=311, 317}}; {{harvnb|Al-Ya'qubi|1883|p=353}}.</ref>
| birth_date   = {{circa|680}}
| birth_place  = [[Medina]], Arabia, Umayyad Caliphate
| death_date   = {{circa|5 February 720}} (aged 40)
| death_place  = [[Deir Sharqi|Dayr Sim'an]], [[Bilad al-Sham|Syria]], Umayyad Caliphate
| spouse       = {{plainlist|
* [[Fatima bint Abd al-Malik]]
* Lamis bint Ali}}
| spouse-type  = Wife
| issue        = {{plainlist|
* [[Abdallah ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz|Abd Allah]]
* Abd al-Malik
* [[Abd al-Aziz ibn Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz|Abd al-Aziz]]
* Asim 
* Abd al-Rahman 
* Sulayman 
* Maslama 
* Zayd
* Ubayd Allah 
* Uthman}}
| dynasty      = [[Umayyad dynasty|Umayyad]]
| house        = [[Marwan I|Marwanid]]
| father       = [[Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan]]
| mother       = [[Layla bint Asim]]
| religion     = [[Islam]]|
}}

'''Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan''' ({{langx|ar|عُمَر بْن عَبْد الْعَزِيز بْن مَرْوَان|translit=ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Marwān}}; {{Circa|680}}{{Snd}}February 720) was the eighth [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] [[caliph]], ruling from 717 until his death in 720. He is credited to have instituted significant reforms to the Umayyad central government, by making it much more efficient and egalitarian. His rulership is marked by the first official collection of [[hadith]]s and the mandated universal education to the populace.

He dispatched emissaries to [[China]] and [[Tibet]], inviting their rulers to accept [[Islam]]. It was during his three-year reign that Islam was accepted by huge segments of the populations of [[Persia]] and [[Egypt]]. He also ordered the withdrawal of the Muslim forces in various fronts such as in [[Constantinople]], [[Central Asia]] and [[Septimania]]. However despite this, his reign witnessed the Umayyads gaining many new territories in the [[Iberian Peninsula]].

Umar is regarded by many [[Sunni]] scholars as the first [[mujaddid]] and is sometimes referred to as the "fifth [[Rashidun Caliphate|rightly guided caliph]]" due to his reputation for just governance. Some Sunni scholars consider [[Hasan ibn Ali]]’s brief caliphate (661) as part of his father [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]]’s rule, citing a hadith that describes the rightly guided caliphate as lasting thirty years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Model Behavior of the Prophet (Kitab Al-Sunnah)|url=https://sunnah.com/abudawud/42/51}}</ref> Umar was also honorifically called ''Umar al-Thani'' (Umar II) after his great-grandfather, Caliph [[Umar ibn al-Khattab]] ({{reign|634|644}}).