Editing Unification of Italy (section)

{{Short description|1848–1870 consolidation of Italian states into a single state}}
{{About|the 19th century consolidation of Italian states into a single state|the Roman unification of the Italian peninsula|Roman expansion in Italy}}
{{Redirect|Risorgimento|the 2011 opera by Lorenzo Ferrero|Risorgimento!{{!}}''Risorgimento!''|the newspaper|Il Risorgimento (newspaper){{!}}''Il Risorgimento'' (newspaper)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox historical event
| native_name = Risorgimento
| image = Episodio delle cinque giornate (Baldassare Verazzi).jpg
| caption = [[Five Days of Milan]], 18–22 March 1848
| participants = [[Italians|Italian society]], [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]], [[Five Days of Milan|Provisional Government of Milan]], [[Republic of San Marco]], [[Sicilian revolution of 1848|Kingdom of Sicily]], [[Roman Republic (19th century)|Roman Republic]], [[Carbonari|Carboneria]], [[Second French Empire|French Empire]], [[Redshirts (Italy)|Redshirts]], [[Hungarian legion (Expedition of the Thousand)|Hungarian legion]], [[Southern Army (Italy)|Southern Army]], [[United Provinces of Central Italy]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]
| location = [[Italy]]
| date = 1848–1871
| outcome = 
* [[Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy]]
* [[Capture of Rome]]
* [[Rome]] becomes the capital of the [[Kingdom of Italy]]
}}
{{History of Italy}}

The '''unification of Italy''' ({{langx|it|Unità d'Italia}} {{IPA|it|uniˈta ddiˈtaːlja|}}), also known as the '''Risorgimento''' ({{IPA|it|risordʒiˈmento|lang}}; {{literally|Resurgence}}), was the 19th century [[Political movement|political]] and [[social movement]] that in 1861 ended in the [[Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy|annexation]] of [[List of historic states of Italy|various states]] of the [[Italian peninsula]] and its outlying isles to the [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]], resulting in the creation of the [[Kingdom of Italy]]. Inspired by the rebellions in the 1820s and 1830s against the outcome of the [[Congress of Vienna]], the unification process was precipitated by the [[Revolutions of 1848]], and reached completion in 1870 after the [[capture of Rome]] and its designation as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.<ref>{{cite book |last=Collier |first=Martin |title=Italian unification, 1820–71 |publisher=Heinemann |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-435-32754-5 |edition=First |series=Heinemann Advanced History |location=Oxford |page=2 |quote=The ''Risorgimento'' is the name given to the process that ended with the political unification of Italy in 1871.}}</ref>{{sfn|Riall|2002|p=1}}

Individuals who played a major part in the struggle for unification and liberation from foreign domination included King [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy]]; politician, economist and statesman [[Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour]]; general [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]]; and journalist and politician [[Giuseppe Mazzini]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lastampa.it/cultura/2016/12/12/news/fratelli-d-italia-divisi-su-tutto-1.34750698|title=Fratelli d'Italia, divisi su tutto|date=12 December 2016|language=it|access-date=17 March 2021}}</ref> Borrowing from the old [[Latin]] title ''[[Pater Patriae]]'' of the [[Roman emperor]]s, the [[Italians]] gave to King Victor Emmanuel II the epithet of ''[[Father of the Fatherland]]'' ({{langx|it|Padre della Patria}}).<ref name="raicultura"/> Even after 1870, many ethnic Italian-speakers (Italians in [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]], [[Savoyard Italians]], [[Corfiot Italians]], [[Niçard Italians]], [[Swiss Italians]], [[Corsican Italians]], [[Maltese Italians]], [[Istrian Italians]], and [[Dalmatian Italians]]) remained outside the borders of the Kingdom of Italy, planting the seeds of [[Italian irredentism]].

Italy celebrates the [[Anniversary of the unification of Italy|anniversary of the unification]] on 17 March (the date of [[proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy]]). Some of the states that had been envisaged as part of the unification process (''terre irredente'') did not join the Kingdom until after Italy defeated [[Austria-Hungary]] in [[World War I]], culminating in the [[Treaty of Rapallo (1920)|Treaty of Rapallo]] in 1920. Some historians see the Risorgimento as continuing to that time, which is the view presented at the [[Central Museum of the Risorgimento]] at [[Altare della Patria]] in Rome.<ref name="Arnaldi">Arnaldi, Girolamo. ''Italy and Its Invaders.'' Harvard University Press, 2005. p. 194. {{ISBN|0-674-01870-2}}.</ref><ref name="museo">{{cite web|url=http://www.risorgimento.it/index.php?section=museo|title=Museo Centrale del Risorgimento di Roma|website=Istituto per la storia del Risorgimento italiano|access-date=6 July 2018|language=it}}</ref>