Editing United States federal judge (section)

{{short description|Judges on courts authorized by Article III of the U.S. Constitution}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2023}} {{Use American English|date=November 2023}}
{{Politics of the United States}}
In the [[United States]], a '''federal judge''' is a [[judge]] who serves on a court established under [[Article Three of the United States Constitution|Article Three of the U.S. Constitution]]. Often called "'''Article III judges'''", federal judges include the [[Chief Justice of the United States|chief justice]] and [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|associate justices]] of the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]], [[List of current United States Circuit Judges|circuit judges]] of the [[United States courts of appeals|U.S. Courts of Appeals]], [[United States district court#Judges|district judges]] of the [[United States district court|U.S. District Courts]], and judges of the [[United States Court of International Trade|U.S. Court of International Trade]].

Federal judges are not [[election|elected officials]], unlike the [[President of the United States|president]] and [[Vice President of the United States|vice president]] and [[United States Senate|U.S. senators]] and [[United States House of Representatives|representatives]]. They are [[Appointments Clause|nominated]] by the president and confirmed by the Senate. The Constitution gives federal judges [[life tenure]], and they hold their seats until they die, resign, or are removed from office through [[Federal impeachment in the United States|impeachment]].

The term "federal judge" may also extend to [[United States magistrate judges|U.S. magistrate judges]] or the judges of other federal tribunals within the judiciary such as the [[United States bankruptcy court|U.S. Bankruptcy Courts]], the [[United States Court of Federal Claims|U.S. Court of Federal Claims]], the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces|U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces]], the [[United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims|U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims]], the [[United States Tax Court|U.S. Tax Court]], and other "[[Federal tribunals in the United States#Article I tribunals|Article One tribunals]]".  Although these judges serve on courts of the federal government, they do not have life tenure, and their authority derives from [[US Congress|Congress]] via [[Article One of the United States Constitution|Article One of the Constitution]], not independently via Article Three. These judges are often known as "Article One judges".

However, the term is not applied to the [[administrative law judge]]s of federal government agencies located within the executive branch.