Editing Uvular consonant (section)

{{Short description|Consonants produced with tongue near or against the uvula}}
{{IPA notice}}
'''Uvulars''' are [[consonant]]s [[place of articulation|articulated]] with the back of the [[tongue]] against or near the [[Palatine uvula|uvula]], that is, further back in the mouth than [[velar consonant]]s.  Uvulars may be [[stop consonant|stops]], [[fricative consonant|fricatives]], [[nasal consonant|nasals]], [[trill consonant|trills]], or [[approximant consonant|approximants]], though the IPA does not provide a separate symbol for the approximant, and the symbol for the voiced fricative is used instead. Uvular [[affricate consonant|affricates]] can certainly be made but are rare: they occur in most Turkic languages, most Persian languages, most Arabic languages, in some southern High-German dialects, as well as a few African and Native American languages. (Ejective uvular affricates occur as realizations of uvular stops in  [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]], [[Bashkir language|Bashkir]], [[Arabic languages|Arabic dialects]], [[Lillooet language|Lillooet]], or as allophonic realizations of the ejective uvular fricative in [[Georgian language|Georgian]].) Uvular consonants are typically incompatible with [[advanced tongue root]],<ref name="Vaux99">{{cite journal|first=Bert|last=Vaux|title=A Note on Pharyngeal Features|year=1999|journal=Harvard Working Papers in Linguistics}}</ref> and they often cause [[retracted vowel|retraction]] of neighboring vowels.