Editing Valencian language (section)

{{Short description|Language of the Valencian Community}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}

{{Infobox language
| name          = Valencian
| nativename    = {{lang|ca-valencia|valencià}}
| pronunciation = {{IPA|ca-valencia|valensiˈa|}} <!-- Standard Valencian -->
| states        = [[Spain]]
| ethnicity     = [[Valencians]]
| region        = [[Valencian Community]], [[Region of Murcia]] ([[Carche]]) <br/> See also [[Catalan language#Geographic distribution|geographic distribution of Catalan]]
| speakers      = 2.4&nbsp;million
| date          = 2004
| ref           = <ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Luján |first1=Míriam |last2=Martínez |first2=Carlos D. |last3=Alabau |first3=Vicente |title=Evaluation of several Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression variants for language adaptation |url=http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2008/pdf/217_paper.pdf |conference=Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2008 |pages=860 |quote=the total number of people who speak Catalan is 7,200,000, (...). The Valencian dialect is spoken by 27% of all Catalan speakers.}} citing Vilajoana, Jordi, and Damià Pons. 2001. Catalan, Language of Europe. Generalitat de Catalunya, Department de Cultura. Govern de les Illes Balears, Conselleria d'Educació i Cultura.</ref>
| speakers2     = 
| familycolor   = Indo-European
| fam2          = [[Italic languages|Italic]]
| fam3          = [[Latino-Faliscan languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
| fam4          = [[Romance languages|Romance]]
| fam5          = [[Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western]]
| fam6          = [[Western Romance languages|Western Romance]]
| fam7          = {{nowrap|[[Gallo-Romance languages|Gallo-Romance]]}}{{Efn|Catalan is also classified as [[Iberian Romance languages|Iberian Romance]].}}
| fam8          = {{nowrap|[[Occitano-Romance languages|Occitano-Romance]]}}
| fam9          = [[Catalan language|Catalan]]
| fam10         = [[Catalan language#Dialects|Western Catalan]]{{sfn|Wheeler|2006}}
| ancestor      = [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
| ancestor2     = [[Proto-Italic language|Proto-Italic]]
| ancestor3     = [[Old Latin]]
| ancestor4     = [[Vulgar Latin]]
| ancestor5     = [[Old Occitan]]
| ancestor6     = [[Old Catalan]]
| script        = [[Valencian orthography]] <br/> ([[Latin script]])
| nation        = [[Spain]]
* Valencian Community
| minority      = Spain
* Carche, Region of Murcia
| agency        = ''[[Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua]]'' (AVL)
| isoexception  = dialect
| iso3          = 
| iso6          = [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Iso639-6_iren.png vlca]
| glotto        = none
| ietf          = ca-valencia
| map           = {{switcher|[[File:Extensió_del_valencià_al_País_Valencià.svg|250px]]|Map of the Valencian Community (Valencian speaking areas in green)|[[File:Catalan language in Europe.png|250px]]|Extension of the whole language in Europe|}}
| mapscale      = 1
| notice        = IPA 
}}
{{Catalan-speaking world
| image         = [[File:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.svg|100px]] }}

'''Valencian'''{{efn|English pronunciation: {{IPAc-en|v|ə|ˈ|l|ɛ|n|s|i|ə|n|,_|-|ʃ|(|i|)|ən}} {{respell|və|LEN|see|ən|,_-|sh(ee|)ən}}.}} ({{lang|ca-valencia|valencià}}){{efn|Valencian pronunciation: {{IPA|ca-valencia|valensiˈa|}}. Alternative local pronunciations include: {{IPA|ca-valencia|valenˈsja|}} (diphthongisation) and {{IPA|ca-valencia|balenˈsja|}} ([[betacism]] and diphthongisation). <br /> Catalan pronunciation: {{IPA|ca|bələnsiˈa|}} ([[Central Catalan|Central]] and [[Northern Catalan|Northern]]), {{IPA|ca|vələnsiˈa|}} ([[Balearic dialect|Balearic]]), {{IPA|ca|balensiˈa|}} (North-Western) and {{IPA|ca|valansiˈa|}} ([[Algherese dialect|Algherese]]).}} or the '''Valencian language'''<ref name="Statute">{{cite web |url=http://www.docv.gva.es/datos/2006/04/11/pdf/2006_4177.pdf |title=Ley Orgánica 1/2006, de 10 de abril, de Reforma de la Ley Orgánica 5/1982, de 1 de julio, de Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Valenciana. |access-date=17 February 2013 |publisher=Generalitat Valenciana |date=10 April 2006 }}</ref> ({{lang|ca-valencia|llengua valenciana}}){{efn|Also known as {{lang|ca-valencia|idioma valencià}}.}} is the official, historical and traditional name used in the [[Valencian Community]] to refer to the [[Romance language]] also known as [[Catalan language|Catalan]],{{efn|name=DNV|The ''Valencian Normative Dictionary'' of the Valencian Academy of the Language states that Valencian is a "Romance language spoken in the Valencian Community, as well as in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, the French department of the {{lang|fr|Pyrénées-Orientales}}, the Principality of Andorra, the eastern flank of Aragon and the Sardinian town of Alghero (unique in Italy), where it receives the name of 'Catalan'."}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dle.rae.es/?id=bHykki2 |title=Valenciano, na |access-date=9 June 2017 |publisher=[[Real Academia Española]] |work=[[Diccionario de la Real Academia Española]] |language=Spanish }}</ref><ref name="judgements4">[http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/330167/0/catalan/sentencia/filologia/ «Otra sentencia equipara valenciano y catalán en las oposiciones, y ya van 13.»] ''20 minutos'', 7 January 2008.</ref><ref name="judgements2">[https://www.docv.gva.es/portal/portal/2008/06/10/pdf/2008_7155.pdf Decreto 84/2008, de 6 de junio, del Consell, por el que se ejecuta la sentencia de 20 de junio de 2005, de la Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la Comunitat Valenciana].</ref><ref name="judgements1">{{cite web|url=https://sindicat.net/n.php?n=7087|title=no trobat|website=sindicat.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |agency=Europa Press |title=La AVL publica una 'Gramàtica Valenciana Bàsica' con las formas más "genuinas" y "vivas" de su tradición histórica |url=http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/2728807/0/avl-publica-gram-tica-valenciana-b-sica-con-formas-m-genuinas-vivas-su-tradicion-historica/ |access-date=23 April 2016 |work=20minutos.es |date=22 April 2016}}</ref> either as a whole{{efn|name=IEC|The ''Catalan Language Dictionary'' of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans states in the sixth definition of Valencian that it is equivalent to Catalan language in the Valencian Community.}} or in its Valencia-specific linguistic forms.{{efn|name=IEC2|The ''Catalan Language Dictionary'' of the {{lang|ca|Institut d'Estudis Catalans}} states in the second definition of Valencian that it is the Western dialect of Catalan spoken in the Valencian Community.}}<ref name="Conflict">{{cite web |author=Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua |date=9 February 2005 |title=Acord de l'Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (AVL), adoptat en la reunió plenària del 9 de febrer del 2005, pel qual s'aprova el dictamen sobre els principis i criteris per a la defensa de la denominació i l'entitat del valencià |pages=52 |language=ca-valencia |url=http://www.avl.gva.es/va/acords-AVL/main/03/document/NOMENTITAT.pdf |access-date=16 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181117/http://www.avl.gva.es/va/acords-AVL/main/03/document/NOMENTITAT.pdf |archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Institut d'Estudis Catalans|title=Resultats de la consulta:valencià|url=http://dlc.iec.cat/results.asp?txtEntrada=valenci%E0&operEntrada=0|work=DIEC 2|language=ca-valencia |access-date=23 February 2016|quote=2 6 m. [FL] Al País Valencià, llengua catalana.}}</ref> The Valencian Community's 1982 [[Statute of Autonomy]] officially recognises ''Valencian'' as the name of the native language.<ref name="Statute" /><ref name="judgements3">{{cite web |url=http://www.docv.gva.es/datos/2005/05/06/pdf/2005_4906.pdf |title=Dictamen sobre los Principios y Criterios para la Defensa de la Denominación y entidad del Valenciano |quote=It is a fact the in Spain there are two equally legal names for referring to this language: Valencian, as stated by the Statute of Autonomy of the Valencian Community, and Catalan, as recognised in the Statutes of Catalonia and Balearic Islands.}}</ref>

Valencian displays transitional features between [[Ibero-Romance languages]] and [[Gallo-Romance languages]]. According to philological studies, the varieties of this language spoken in the Valencian Community and [[Carche]] cannot be considered a single dialect restricted to these borders: the several [[#Varieties of Valencian|dialects of Valencian]] (Alicante Valencian, Southern Valencian, Central Valencian or {{lang|ca-valencia|Apitxat}}, Northern Valencian or Castellon Valencian and Transitional Valencian) belong to the Western group of Catalan dialects.<ref name="Alcover">{{cite book |last=Alcover |first=Antoni Maria |author-link=Antoni Maria Alcover i Sureda |title=Per la llengua |access-date=26 September 2012 |language=ca |year=1983 |place=Barcelona |isbn=9788472025448 |pages=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UnPgDeA8aToC |publisher=Secció de Filologia Catalana, Universitat de Palma }}</ref><ref name="Moll 1968">{{cite book |last=Moll |first=Francesc de Borja |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OmEQAQAAIAAJ |title=Gramàtica catalana: Referida especialment a les Illes Balears |publisher=Editorial Moll |year=1968 |isbn=84-273-0044-1 |location=Palma de Mallorca |pages=12–14 |language=ca |trans-title=Catalan grammar: Referring especially to the Balearic Islands |author-link=Francesc de Borja Moll i Casasnovas}}</ref>

There is [[#Politico-linguistic controversy|political controversy within the Valencian Community]] regarding whether it is a [[glottonym]] or an independent language. Official reports from 2014 showed that the majority of the people in the Valencian Community considered it as a separate language, different from [[Catalan language|Catalan]], although the same studies show that this percentage decreases among younger generations and people with more education.<ref name="auto">{{Cite report |url=http://www.argos.gva.es/fileadmin/argos/Documentos/Encuestas/201404A_cruce.pdf |title=Baròmetre d'abril 2014 |date=2014 |publisher=Presidència de la Generalitat Valenciana |access-date=29 January 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405160945/http://www.argos.gva.es/fileadmin/argos/Documentos/Encuestas/201404A_cruce.pdf|archive-date=2016-04-05}}</ref><ref name="La Vanguardia 2004-12-09">{{Cite news |date=9 December 2004 |title=Casi el 65% de los valencianos opina que su lengua es distinta al catalán, según una encuesta del CIS |trans-title=Almost 65% of Valencians think that their language is different from Catalan, according to a CIS survey |work=La Vanguardia |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/cultura/20041209/51262801790/casi-el-65-de-los-valencianos-opina-que-su-lengua-es-distinta-al-catalan-segun-una-encuesta-del-ci.html |access-date=12 October 2017}}</ref> According to the 2006 [[Statute of Autonomy]], Valencian is regulated by the {{lang|ca-valencia|[[Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua]]}} (AVL),<ref name=Statute /> following the legacy established by the [[Normes de Castelló|Castelló Norms]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ley 7/1998, de 16 de septiembre, de creación de la Academia Valenciana de la Lengua. | pages=34727–34733 |url=https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-1998-24262 |language=es |via=Boletín Oficial de España}}</ref> which adapt Catalan orthography to Valencian idiosyncrasies.

Some of the most important works of [[Valencian literature]] experienced a [[Golden Age]] during the [[Late Middle Ages]] and the [[Renaissance]]. Important works include [[Joanot Martorell]]'s [[chivalric romance]] {{lang|ca-valencia|[[Tirant lo Blanch]]}}, and [[Ausiàs March]]'s poetry. The first book produced with [[movable type]] in the [[Iberian Peninsula]] was printed in the Valencian variety.<ref>{{lang|ca-valencia|Trobes en llaors de la Verge Maria}} ("Poems of praise of the Virgin Mary") 1474.</ref>{{sfn|Costa Carreras|Yates|2009|pp=6–7}} The earliest recorded [[chess]] game with modern rules for moves of the [[queen (chess)|queen]] and [[bishop (chess)|bishop]] was in the Valencian poem {{lang|ca-valencia|[[Scachs d'amor]]}} (1475).