Editing Verdigris (section)

{{short description|Green copper-based pigment}}
{{About|copper(II) acetate, used as a pigment}}
{{Infobox color
| title=Verdigris
| hex=43B3AE
| source=[https://www.colorhexa.com/43b3ae]
| isccname=Brilliant bluish green
}}
'''Verdigris''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|ɜːr|d|ɪ|ɡ|r|iː|(|s|)}})<ref>"Its pronunciation in English is still unsettled" (''Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage'' (4 ed.) edited by: Jeremy Butterfield). The pronunciation /-ɡriːs/ is the first one given by Merriam-Webster's dictionary, but /-ɡriː/ is first in the ''Oxford Dictionary of English'' (3 ed.) (2015).</ref> is a common name for any of a variety of somewhat toxic<ref name="Merriam-Webster Dictionary">{{Cite Merriam-Webster|verdigris}}</ref><ref name="Karmakar-2015">{{cite book |last=Karmakar |first=Rabindra N. |year=2015 |title=Forensic medicine and toxicology: theory, oral & practical |edition=5th |publisher=Academic Publishers |isbn=978-938342054-4 |pages=95–96 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xi1jDAAAQBAJ&q=Verdigris }}</ref><ref name="The Lancet-1843">{{Cite journal |date=January 1843|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)76992-4 |journal=The Lancet |volume=39 |issue=1013 |pages=663–664 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)76992-4 |issn=0140-6736 |title=Poisoning by Verdigris}}</ref> [[copper]] [[salt (chemistry)|salts]] of [[acetic acid]], which range in colour from green to a [[blue-green|bluish-green]] depending on their [[chemical composition]].<ref name="Kühn-1993">H. Kühn, Verdigris and Copper Resinate, in Artists' Pigments. A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, Vol. 2: A. Roy (Ed.) Oxford University Press 1993, p. 131 – 158</ref>{{Rp|page=132}} Once used as a medicine<ref name=co>{{Cite web |title=Medical Uses of Copper in Antiquity |url=http://www.copper.org/publications/newsletters/innovations/2000/06/medicine-chest.html |access-date=8 June 2014 |website=Copper Development Association |ref=5}}</ref><ref name=paris>{{Cite book |last=Paris |first=John Ayrton |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62958 |title=Pharmacologia |publisher=W. E. Dean |year=1831 |location=New York |quote=The rust of the spear of Telephus, mentioned in Homer as a cure for the wounds which that weapon inflicted, was probably Verdegris, and led to the discovery of its use as a surgical application}}</ref> and pharmaceutical preparation,<ref name="Benhamou-1984">{{Cite journal |last=Benhamou |first=Reed |date=1984 |title=Verdigris and the Entrepreneuse |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3104711 |journal=Technology and Culture |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=171–181 |doi=10.2307/3104711 |jstor=3104711 |s2cid=112614238 |issn=0040-165X}}</ref>{{Rp|page=176}}<ref name="De la Roja-2007">{{Cite journal |last1=De la Roja |first1=José Manuel |last2=San Andrés |first2=Margarita |last3=Cubino |first3=Natalia Sancho |last4=Santos-Gómez |first4=Sonia |date=2007 |title=Variations in the colorimetric characteristics of verdigris pictorial films depending on the process used to produce the pigment and the type of binding agent used in applying it |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.20311 |journal=Color Research & Application |volume=32 |issue=5 |page=414 |doi=10.1002/col.20311 |issn=0361-2317}}</ref> verdigris occurs naturally, creating a [[patina]] on copper, [[bronze]], and [[brass]], and is the main component of a historic [[green pigment]] used for artistic purposes from antiquity until the late 20th century, including in [[Easel|easel painting]], [[polychromatic sculptures]], and illumination of maps.<ref name="De la Roja-2007"/>{{Rp|pages=414–423}}<ref>[http://colourlex.com/project/verdigris/ Verdigris], ColourLex</ref> However, due to its instability, its popularity declined as other green pigments became readily available.<ref name="Benhamou-1984" />{{Rp|page=171}} The instability of its appearance stems from its [[Hydration number|hydration level]] and [[Base (chemistry)|basicity]], which change as the pigment interacts with other materials over time.<ref name="Santoro-2014" />{{Rp|page=637}}