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Virchow's triad
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{{Short description|Three factors thought to cause internal blood clots (thrombosis)}} {{Infobox medical condition |name = |synonym = |image = Virchow's Triad.svg |image_size = |alt = |caption = Virchow's triad |pronounce = |specialty = <!--from Wikidata; can be overwritten--> |symptoms = |complications = |onset = |duration = |types = |causes = |risks = |diagnosis = |differential = thrombosis |prevention = |treatment = |medication = |prognosis = |frequency = |deaths = }} '''Virchow's triad''' or the '''triad of Virchow''' ({{IPAc-en|Λ|f|ΙͺΙr|k|oΚ}}) describes the three broad categories of factors that are thought to contribute to [[thrombosis]].<ref name="isbn0-894-355-0">{{cite book |author1=April Wang Armstrong |author2=David E. Golan |author3=Armen H. Tashjian |author4=Ehrin Armstrong |title=Principles of pharmacology: the pathophysiologic basis of drug therapy |publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Philadelphia |year=2008 |page=396 |isbn=978-0-7817-8355-2}}</ref> * [[Hypercoagulability]] * [[Hemodynamic]] changes (stasis, turbulence)<ref name="pmid15692260" /> * [[Endothelial]] injury/dysfunction It is named after the renowned [[Germany|German]] [[physician]] [[Rudolf Virchow]] (1821β1902). However, the elements comprising Virchow's triad were not proposed by Virchow. Neither did he ever suggest a triad to describe the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis. In fact, it was not until decades after Virchow's death that a consensus was reached proposing that thrombosis is the result of alterations in blood flow, vascular endothelial injury, or alterations in the constitution of the blood. Still, the modern understanding of the factors leading to embolism is similar to the description provided by Virchow. Virchow's triad remains a useful concept for clinicians and pathologists alike in understanding the contributors to thrombosis.<ref name="pmid18783400">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bagot CN, Arya R |title=Virchow and his triad: a question of attribution |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=143 |issue=2 |pages=180β190 |date=October 2008 |pmid=18783400 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07323.x|doi-access=free }}</ref> __TOC__
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