Editing Virtual organization (section)

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A '''virtual organization''' is a temporary or permanent collection of geographically dispersed individuals, groups, organizational units, or entire organizations that depend on electronic linking in order to complete the production process ( working definition<ref>[http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~btravica/voais.html] Bob Travica, 1997. The Design of the Virtual Organization: A Research Model in Gupta, Jatinder N.D., Association for Information Systems Proceedings of the Americas Conference on Information Systems, August 15–17, 1997, Indianapolis, IN, 1997, pp. 417-19</ref>). Virtual organizations do not represent a firm’s attribute but can be considered as a different organizational form and carries out the objectives of [[cyber diplomacy]].

Unfortunately, it is quite hard to find a precise and fixed definition of fundamental notions such as virtual organization or virtual company.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=bBU3FM95VsEC&pg=PA103], Afsarmanes, H. and Camarinha, M., 2004. Processes and Foundations for virtual organizations. USA: Kluwer Academic Publisher</ref> The term virtual organization ensued from the phrase "virtual reality", whose purpose is to look like reality by using electronic sounds and images.<ref name=economist/> The term virtual organization implies the novel and innovative relationships between organizations and individuals. Technology and  [[globalization]] both support this particular type of organization.<ref name="HRM">[https://books.google.com/books?id=fc7usBl2q1IC], Greenberg, D. and Heneman, R., 2002. Human Resource Management in Virtual Organizations. USA: Information Age Publishing</ref>

Virtual can be defined as "not physically existing as such but made by [[software]] to appear to do so",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141025143749/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/virtual?q=virtual+] Oxford University Press, 2014. Oxford Dictionary [online]. Accessible at: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com [Accessed 14 October 2014]</ref> in other words "unreal but looking real".<ref name=e-biz /> This definition precisely outlines the leading principle of this unconventional organization, which holds the form of a real (conventional) corporation from the outside but does not actually exist physically and implicates an entirely digital process relying on independents web associates.<ref name="e-biz">[https://books.google.com/books?id=VxFRrcVATEgC] Burn, J., Barnett, M., Marshall, P., 2002. e-Business strategies for Virtual Organizations. Oxford: Taylor & Francis Ltd</ref> Thus, virtual organizations are centred on technology and position physical presence in the background.  Virtual organizations possess limited physical resources as value is added through (mobile) knowledge rather than (immovable) equipment.<ref name=economist>The Economist, 2009. The virtual organisation. [online] Accessible at: <http://www.economist.com/node/14301746> [Accessed 13 October 2014]</ref>

Virtual organizations necessitate associations, federations, relations, agreements and alliance relationships <ref name=HRM /> as they essentially are partnership webs of disseminated organizational entities or self-governing corporations.<ref name= e-biz />