Editing Vivisection (section)

{{Short description|Experimental surgery}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
[[File:Lab mouse mg 3157.jpg|thumb|upright|Mice are the most commonly used mammal species for live animal research. Such research is sometimes described as vivisection.]]
'''Vivisection''' ({{ety|la|vivus|alive||sectio|cutting}}) is [[surgery]] conducted for experimental purposes on a living organism, typically animals with a [[central nervous system]], to view living internal structure. The word is, more broadly, used as a [[pejorative]]<ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PXV2CAAAQBAJ&q=vivisection+pejorative&pg=PT188 | title = The Ethics of Animal Experimentation | author = Donna Yarri | date = 2005-08-18 | publisher = Oxford University Press | access-date = June 18, 2016 | isbn = 9780190292829 | archive-date = 2021-11-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211102165225/https://books.google.com/books?id=PXV2CAAAQBAJ&q=vivisection+pejorative&pg=PT188 | url-status = live }}</ref> catch-all term for [[Animal testing#Definitions|experimentation on live animals]]<ref>{{Cite web |url-access=subscription |title=vivisection |website=Britannica Concise Encyclopedia  |quote=Operation on a living animal for experimental rather than healing purposes; more broadly, all experimentation on live animals. |url=http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9382118?query=Vivisection&ct= |access-date=2022-08-13 |archive-date=2006-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060325054257/http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9382118?query=Vivisection&ct= |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Tansey>Tansey, E.M. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1139874/pdf/medhist00063-0114.pdf Review of ''Vivisection in Historical Perspective'' by Nicholaas A. Rupke] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018213708/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1139874/pdf/medhist00063-0114.pdf |date=2015-10-18 }}, book reviews, National Center for Biotechnology Information, p. 226.</ref><ref>Croce, Pietro. ''Vivisection or Science? An Investigation into Testing Drugs and Safeguarding Health''. Zed Books, 1999, and [http://www.buav.org/aboutus "About Us"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054948/http://www.buav.org/aboutus |date=2013-09-21 }}, British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection.</ref> by organizations opposed to animal experimentation,<ref name=Yarri>Yarri, Donna. [https://books.google.com/books?id=DkNJXIWbhtEC&q=vivisection%20pejorative%20not%20used&pg=PA163 ''The Ethics of Animal Experimentation: A Critical Analysis and Constructive Christian Proposal''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620041441/https://books.google.com/books?id=DkNJXIWbhtEC&pg=PA163&q=vivisection%20pejorative%20not%20used |date=2022-06-20 }}, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 163.</ref> but the term is rarely used by practicing scientists.<ref name=Tansey/><ref>Paixao, RL; Schramm, FR. [http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X1999000500011&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Ethics and animal experimentation: what is debated? Ethics and animal experimentation: what is debated?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716101228/http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X1999000500011&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |date=2011-07-16 }} ''Cad. Saúde Pública'', Rio de Janeiro, 2007</ref>  Human vivisection, such as live [[organ procurement|organ harvesting]], has been perpetrated as a form of [[torture]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1994 |title=CHINA: ORGAN PROCUREMENT AND JUDICIAL EXECUTION IN CHINA |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1994/china1/china_948.htm |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=www.hrw.org}}</ref><ref name="dissect" />