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Wapping Tunnel
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{{Short description|Disused railway tunnel under Liverpool, England}} {{About|a tunnel in Liverpool|the tunnel in London between Rotherhithe and Wapping|Thames Tunnel}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}} {{Use British English|date=April 2015}} {{Infobox tunnel | name = Wapping Tunnel | image = Entrance of the Railway at Edge Hill, from Bury's Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1831 - artfinder 122456.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Eastern portal in the Cavendish Cutting in 1831. The Wapping tunnel is the centre tunnel. The right hand tunnel is to the Crown St terminal Station | official_name = | other_name = Edge Hill Tunnel | location = [[Edge Hill railway station]], [[Liverpool]] | opened = 1830 | closed = 1972 | traffic = [[Liverpool-Manchester line]] | map = [[File:Wapping Tunnel OSM.jpg|220px]]{{br}}Map of south Liverpool with the Wapping Tunnel shown in red, ventilator towers represented by yellow dots }} [[File:The Tunnel, from Bury's Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1831 - artfinder 267574.jpg|thumb|right|1833 view of the tunnel, lit by gas-lights]] '''Wapping''' or '''Edge Hill Tunnel''' in [[Liverpool]], England, is a tunnel route from the [[Edge Hill railway station|Edge Hill junction]] in the east of the city to the [[Liverpool docks|Liverpool south end docks]] formerly used by trains on the [[Liverpool-Manchester line]] railway. The tunnel alignment is roughly east to west. The tunnel was designed by [[George Stephenson]] with construction between 1826 and 1829 to enable goods services to operate between Liverpool docks and all locations up to [[Manchester]], as part of the [[Liverpool and Manchester Railway]].<ref name="Wapping Tunnel Feasibility Study">{{cite web|url=https://www.merseytravel.gov.uk/about-us/disclosure-logs/Documents/RSN16726%20-%20EIR%20Request%20-%20Wapping%20Tunnel%20Feasbility%20Study.pdf|website=Merseytravel|accessdate=4 March 2018|title=City Line to Northern Line Connection Feasibility Study}}</ref> It was the first transport tunnel in the world to be bored under a city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=757 |title=Wapping and Crown Street Tunnels |publisher=Engineering Timelines |date= |accessdate=2016-09-14}}</ref> The tunnel is {{convert|2030|m|mi}} long, running downhill from the western end of the {{convert|262|m}} long Cavendish cutting at [[Edge Hill, Merseyside|Edge Hill]] in the east of the city, to [[Park Lane railway goods station|Park Lane]] Goods Station near [[Wapping Dock]] in the west. The Edge Hill portal is near the former [[Crown Street Station]] goods yard. The tunnel passes beneath the [[Northern Line (Merseyrail)|Merseyrail Northern Line]] tunnel approximately a quarter of a mile south of [[Liverpool Central railway station|Liverpool Central underground station]].
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