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War of aggression
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{{Short description|Military conflict waged without the justification of self-defense}} {{About|the type of military conflict|the metal album|War of Aggression (album)}} [[File:German soldiers remove the Polish border crossing in Sopot during the first stages of the Invasion of Poland (48661789227).png|thumb|265x265px|Colored Image of [[Free City of Danzig Police|Danzig Police]] re-enacting the destruction of a Polish border post]] A '''war of aggression''', sometimes also '''war of [[conquest]]'''<!-- redirected here--->, is a military conflict waged without the justification of [[self-defense]], usually for territorial gain and subjugation, in contrast with the concept of a [[just war theory|just war]]. Wars without [[legality#International law|international legality]] (i.e. not out of self-defense nor sanctioned by the [[United Nations Security Council]]) can be considered wars of aggression; however, this alone usually does not constitute the definition of a war of aggression<!-- IMHO, the next phrase cancels this by justifying the modern viewpoint: {{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} --- this is clearly lawyerese and lawyer reasoning, as it should be in --- the realm of international laws and reasoning. --- Also, Please Sign and date your taggings. --- NOTE: "|anything= ~~~~" within a template does nothing but convey --- information about who you are to the rest of us editing later and --- perhaps trying to locate you (and your tagging) in time and space --- In other words, the template ignores (undefined) non-parameters --- which is why most won't take the same word with a capital letter. --- This untagging courtesy of User:Fabartus, 2010-12-03, c. 16:00 UTC --->; certain wars may be unlawful but not aggressive (a war to settle a [[Territorial dispute|boundary dispute]] where the initiator has a reasonable claim, and limited aims, is one example). In the judgment of the [[Nuremberg Trials|International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg]], which followed [[World War II]], "War is essentially an evil thing. Its consequences are not confined to the belligerent states alone, but affect the whole world. To initiate a war of aggression, therefore, is not only an [[War crime|international crime]]; it is the supreme international crime differing only from other war crimes in that it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole."<ref name="judgment">{{citation | title=Judgment of the International Military Tribunal for the Trial of German Major War Criminals: The Nazi Regime in Germany |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/judnazi.asp#common |author=The International Military Tribunal for Germany |date=1946 |publisher=The Avalon Project, Yale University}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Broomhall|first=Bruce |title=International justice and the International Criminal Court |year=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press|edition=2nd|pages=46|isbn= 978-0-19-925600-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ni6Qy2E9KwC&pg=PA46 }}</ref> Article 39 of the [[United Nations Charter]] provides that the UN Security Council shall determine the existence of any act of aggression and "shall make recommendations, or decide what measures shall be taken in accordance with Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security".{{War}}The [[Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court]] refers to the [[crime of aggression]] as one of the "most serious crimes of concern to the international community", and provides that the crime falls within the jurisdiction of the [[International Criminal Court]] (ICC). However, the Rome Statute stipulates that the ICC may not exercise its jurisdiction over the crime of aggression until such time as the states parties agree on a definition of the crime and set out the conditions under which it may be prosecuted. At the [[Review Conference of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court|Kampala Review Conference]] on 11 June 2010, a total of 111 [[States parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court|State Parties to the Court]] agreed by [[Consensus decision-making|consensus]] to adopt a [[Resolution (law)|resolution]] accepting the definition of the crime and the conditions for the exercise of [[jurisdiction]] over this crime.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/Resolutions/RC-Res.6-ENG.pdf|title=Resolution RC/Res.6 !|access-date=14 May 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320072358/http://www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/Resolutions/RC-Res.6-ENG.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012}}</ref> The relevant amendments to the Statute entered into force on July 17, 2018 after being ratified by 35 States Parties.<ref>{{cite news |last=Whiting |first=Alex |url=https://www.justsecurity.org/49859/crime-aggression-activated-icc-matter/ |title=Crime of Aggression Activated at the ICC: Does it Matter? |work=[[Just Security]] |location=New York |publisher=[[New York University School of Law]] |date=2017-12-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513084051/https://www.justsecurity.org/49859/crime-aggression-activated-icc-matter/ |archive-date=2022-05-13 |access-date=2022-05-16 }}</ref> Possibly the first trial for waging aggressive war is that of the Sicilian king [[Conradin]] in 1268.<ref>{{cite book|title=An introduction to international criminal law and procedure|last=Cryer |display-authors=etal|first=Robert|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-521-13581-8|edition=2nd|location=Cambridge [UK]|pages=312}}</ref>
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