Editing Warp and weft (section)

{{Short description|Two constituent threads of woven cloth}}
{{about|weaving|other uses|warp and weft (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|Weft|other uses|Weft (disambiguation)}}
{{ref-improve|date=August 2021}}
[[File:Warp and weft 2.jpg|right|thumb|175px|Warp and weft in [[plain weave|plain weaving]]. See [[weaving]] for other weave pattens, such as [[twill]].]]
{{multiple image
 | width = 85
 | image1 = Noeud turc.jpg
 | caption1 = [[Ghiordes knot]]
 | image2 = Noeud senneh.jpg
 | caption2 = [[Senneh knot]]
 | footer =  The yellow yarn is the [[Pile (textile)|pile]], the vertical the warp, and the horizontal the weft
}}

In the manufacture of [[cloth]], '''warp''' and '''weft''' are the two basic components in [[weaving]] to transform [[thread (yarn)|thread]] and [[yarn]] into [[textile]] fabrics. The vertical ''warp'' yarns are held stationary in tension on a [[loom]] (frame) while the horizontal ''weft'' (also called the ''woof'') is drawn through (inserted over and under) the warp thread.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://museum.gwu.edu/weft |title=Weft |website=The George Washington University Museum and The Textile Museum |publisher=[[George Washington University]] |location=Washington, DC |language=en |access-date=2017-08-10 |archive-date=2017-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810213317/https://museum.gwu.edu/weft |url-status=dead }}</ref> In the terminology of weaving, each warp thread is called a ''warp end''; a ''pick'' is a single weft thread that crosses the warp thread (synonymous terms are ''fill yarn'' and ''filling yarn'').<ref name="Burnham">Burnham (1980), pp. 170, 179</ref><ref name="Barber 1991, p. 79">Barber (1991), p. 79.</ref> 

In the 18th century, the [[Industrial Revolution]] facilitated the industrialisation of the production of textile fabrics with the "picking stick"<ref name="Aspin"/> and the "[[flying shuttle]]", the latter of which was invented by [[John Kay (flying shuttle)|John Kay]], in 1733. The mechanised [[power loom]] was patented by [[Edmund Cartwright]] in 1785, which allowed sixty picks per minute.<ref name="Aspin">{{cite book|last=Aspin|first=Chris|title=The Cotton Industry|publisher=Shire Library|year=1981|page=[https://archive.org/details/cottonindustry0000aspi/page/20 20]|isbn=978-0-85263-545-2|url=https://archive.org/details/cottonindustry0000aspi/page/20}}</ref>