Editing Weather ship (section)

{{short description|Ship used to aid weather forecasting}}
{{Redirect|Ocean station|the light rail station in Macau|Ocean station (Macau Light Rapid Transit)}}
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[[Image:Polarfront.jpg|thumb|250px|The weather ship [[MS Polarfront|MS ''Polarfront'']] at sea]]

A '''weather ship''', or '''ocean station vessel''', was a ship stationed in the ocean for surface and upper air meteorological observations for use in [[weather forecasting]]. They were primarily located in the north [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and north [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific oceans]], reporting via radio. The vessels aided in [[search and rescue]] operations, supported [[transatlantic flight]]s,<ref name="PM January 1948"/><ref name="cg"/><ref name=Natola>{{Cite book |editor=Mark Natola |title=Boeing B-47 Stratojet |publisher=Schiffer Publishing Ltd. |year=2002 |isbn=978-0764316708 |pages=120–121}}</ref> acted as research platforms for [[oceanographer]]s, monitored [[marine pollution]], and aided weather forecasting by weather forecasters and in computerized [[atmospheric model]]s. [[Research vessel]]s remain heavily used in oceanography, including [[physical oceanography]] and the integration of [[Meteorology|meteorological]] and [[Climatology|climatological]] data in [[Earth system science]].

The idea of a stationary weather ship was proposed as early as 1921 by [[Météo-France]] to help support shipping and the coming of transatlantic aviation. They were used during World War II but had no means of defense, which led to the loss of several ships and many lives. On the whole, the establishment of weather ships proved to be so useful during World War II for [[Europe]] and [[North America]] that the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO) established a global network of weather ships in 1948, with 13 to be supplied by Canada, the United States and some European countries. This number was eventually cut to nine. The agreement of the use of weather ships by the international community ended in 1985.

Weather ship observations proved to be helpful in wind and wave studies, as commercial shipping tended to avoid weather systems for safety reasons, whereas the weather ships did not. They were also helpful in monitoring storms at sea, such as [[tropical cyclone]]s. Beginning in the 1970s, their role was largely superseded by cheaper [[weather buoy]]s. The removal of a weather ship became a negative factor in forecasts leading up to the [[Great Storm of 1987]]. The last weather ship was ''[[Polarfront]]'', known as weather station M ("Mike"), which was removed from operation on January 1, 2010. Weather observations from ships continue from a [[Voluntary observing ship program|fleet of voluntary merchant vessels]] in routine commercial operation.