Editing Wilms' tumor (section)

{{Short description|Rare childhood cancer of the kidneys}}
{{Infobox medical condition
| name            = Wilms' tumor
| image           = Histopathology of Wilms' tumor, annotated.jpg
| image_size      = 230px
| caption         = High magnification [[micrograph]] showing the three elements of Wilms' tumor. [[H&E stain]].
| field           = [[Oncology]], [[urology]], [[nephrology]]
| pronounce       = {{IPAc-en|v|ɪ|l|m|z}}
| synonyms        = Wilms' tumor<br>Nephroblastoma
|
| symptoms        =
| complications   =
| onset           = 1–4 years old<ref name="MayoClinic">{{cite web|title=Wilms' tumor |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wilms-tumor/symptoms-causes/syc-20352655|website=[[Mayo Clinic]]|access-date=March 10, 2022}}</ref>
| duration        =
| types           =
| causes          =
| risks           =
| diagnosis       =
| differential    =
| prevention      =
| treatment       = Nephrectomy<br>Radiotherapy
| medication      =
| prognosis       = ~90% of children are cured<ref name="cancer.gov"/>
| frequency       = ~500 new diagnoses per year (United States)<ref name="MayoClinic"/>
| deaths          =
|named after      = [[Max Wilms]]
}}

'''Wilms' tumor''' or '''Wilms tumor''',<ref name="medline">{{cite web |title=Wilms tumor: MedlinePlus Genetics |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wilms-tumor/ |website=medlineplus.gov |access-date=11 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref> also known as '''nephroblastoma''', is a [[cancer]] of the [[kidney]]s that typically occurs in [[child]]ren (rarely in [[adult]]s),<ref>[http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/wilms-tumor EBSCO database] verified by [[URAC]]; accessed from [[Mount Sinai Hospital, New York]]</ref> and occurs most commonly as a renal tumor in child patients.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fitski |first1=Matthijs |last2=van de Ven |first2=Cornelis P. |last3=Hulsker |first3=Caroline C. C. |last4=Bökkerink |first4=Guus M. J. |last5=Terwisscha van Scheltinga |first5=Cecilia E. J. |last6=van den Heuvel-Eibrink |first6=Marry M. |last7=Mavinkurve-Groothuis |first7=Annelies M. C. |last8=van Grotel |first8=Martine |last9=Wijnen |first9=Marc H. W. A. |last10=Klijn |first10=Aart J. |last11=van der Steeg |first11=Alida F. W. |date=2022-10-01 |title=Patient-specific hydrogel phantoms for the preoperative simulation of nephron-sparing surgery in Wilms' tumor patients: A feasibility study |journal=Annals of 3D Printed Medicine |language=en |volume=8 |pages=100077 |doi=10.1016/j.stlm.2022.100077 |s2cid=251870073 |issn=2666-9641|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=van den Heuvel-Eibrink |first1=Marry M. |last2=Hol |first2=Janna A. |last3=Pritchard-Jones |first3=Kathy |last4=van Tinteren |first4=Harm |last5=Furtwängler |first5=Rhoikos |last6=Verschuur |first6=Arnauld C. |last7=Vujanic |first7=Gordan M. |last8=Leuschner |first8=Ivo |last9=Brok |first9=Jesper |last10=Rübe |first10=Christian |last11=Smets |first11=Anne M. |last12=Janssens |first12=Geert O. |last13=Godzinski |first13=Jan |last14=Ramírez-Villar |first14=Gema L. |last15=de Camargo |first15=Beatriz |date=2017-12-01 |title=Rationale for the treatment of Wilms tumour in the UMBRELLA SIOP–RTSG 2016 protocol |journal=Nature Reviews Urology |language=en |volume=14 |issue=12 |pages=743–752 |doi=10.1038/nrurol.2017.163 |pmid=29089605 |s2cid=9418050 |issn=1759-4820|doi-access=free }}</ref> It is named after [[Max Wilms]], the German surgeon (1867–1918) who first described it.<ref>[http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2109.html WhoNamedIt.com: Max Wilms]</ref>

Approximately 650 cases are diagnosed in the U.S. annually.<ref name="cancer.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney/hp/wilms-treatment-pdq#link/_551_toc|title=Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors Treatment|website=National Cancer Institute|language=en|access-date=2018-11-12}}</ref> The majority of cases occur in children with no associated genetic syndromes; however, a minority of children with Wilms' tumor have a congenital abnormality.<ref name="cancer.gov"/> &nbsp;It is highly responsive to treatment, with about 90 percent of children being cured.<ref name="cancer.gov"/>