Editing Xi'an (section)

{{Short description|Capital of Shaanxi, China}}
{{redirect|Xian|immortal beings in Chinese mythology|Xian (Taoism)|other uses|Xian (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Xi'an
| native_name        = 西安市
| native_name_lang   = zh
| other_name         = Sian, Hsi-an
| settlement_type    = [[Sub-provincial division#Sub-provincial municipalities|Sub-provincial]] and [[prefecture-level city]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
 | border             = infobox
 | total_width        = 300
 | perrow             = 2/2/2
 | image1             = 51216-Xian (27961738311).jpg
 | caption1           = [[Giant Wild Goose Pagoda]]
 | image2             = Xi'an, Drum Tower - panoramio.jpg
 | caption2           = [[Drum Tower of Xi'an|Drum Tower]]
 | image3             = Bell tower of xi'an of 2023 new year eve.jpg
 | caption3           = [[Bell Tower of Xi'an|Bell Tower]]
 | image4             = Xi'an Nanda Jie.JPG
 | caption4           = Nandajie
 | image5             = 紫云阁的夜晚 - panoramio.jpg
 | caption5           = [[Tang Paradise]]
 | image6             = 新城 在云峰大厦上向南望西安城 15.jpg
 | caption6           = [[Xi'an City Wall]]
}}
| image_map          = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=7}}
| image_map1         = Location map of Xi'an, Shaanxi.png
| map_caption1       = Xi'an municipality within Shaanxi
| pushpin_map        = China
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in China
| coor_pinpoint      = Shaanxi provincial government
| coordinates        = {{Coord|34|15|40|N|108|56|32|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-61_source:Gaode|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = China
| subdivision_type1  = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Shaanxi]]
| seat_type          = Municipal seat
| seat               = [[Weiyang District]]
| government_type    = [[Sub-provincial city]]
| governing_body     = [[Xi'an Municipal People's Congress]]
| leader_title       = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]]
| leader_name        = [[Wang Hao (politician)|Wang Hao]]
| leader_title1      = [[Xi'an Municipal People's Congress|Congress]] Chairman
| leader_name1       = Hu Runze
| leader_title2      = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name2       = Li Mingyuan
| leader_title3      = [[CPPCC]] Chairman
| leader_name3       = Yue Huafeng
| total_type         = City
| area_total_km2     = 10762
| area_urban_km2     = 5808.6
| population_urban   = 11904805
| area_metro_km2     = 4903.9
| elevation_m        = 405
| population_total   = 12952907
| population_as_of   = 2020 census
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=China: Shaanxi |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/shaanxi/admin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103132726/https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/shaanxi/admin/ |archive-date=January 3, 2022 |access-date=January 3, 2022}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_metro   = 12283922
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| demographics_type2 = GDP<ref>The GDP figures are from the statistical bulletin on 2022 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of relevant cities, see {{Cite web |script-title=zh:2022年GDP100强城市榜：江苏13市均超4000亿，10强有变化 |url=https://yicai.com/news/101703850.html |publisher=yicai.com |language=zh |access-date=March 6, 2024 |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131014728/https://www.yicai.com/news/101703850.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = City
| demographics2_info1 = {{CNY|1.201 trillion|lk=yes}} {{nwr|(US$154.2 billion)}}
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = {{CNY|98,205}} {{nwr|(US$15,108)}}
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in China|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = '''710'''000–'''710'''090
| area_code          = 29
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-SN-01]]
| website            = [http://www.xa.gov.cn/ XA.gov.cn]
| timezone           = [[Time in China|CST]]
| utc_offset         = +8
| blank3_name        = [[Vehicle registration plates of China|License plate]] prefixes
| blank3_info        = {{lang|zh|陕A、陕U}}
| blank4_name        = City Flower
| blank4_info        = [[Pomegranate]] flower
| blank5_name        = City Tree
| blank5_info        = [[Pagoda tree]]
| module = {{Infobox Chinese|order=st|child=yes
 | c = {{linktext|lang=zh|西安}}
 | p = Xī'ān
 | w = {{tonesup|Hsi1-an1}}
 | mi = {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Zh-Xi'an.ogg|x|i|1|.|an|1}}
 | bpmf = {{bpmfsp|ㄒㄧ|ㄢ}}
 | myr = Syīān
 | j = Sai1-on1
 | y = Sāi-ōn
 | ci = {{IPAc-yue|s|ai|1|.|on|1}}
 | wuu = Si<sup>平</sup>oe<sup>平</sup>
 | tl = Se-an
 | l = Western peace
 | psp = Sianfu
 | t2 = {{linktext|長安}}
 | s2 = 长安
 | l2 = Perpetual peace
 | p2 = Cháng'ān
 | w2 = {{tonesup|Chʻang2-an1}}
 | mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Zh-Changan.ogg|ch|ang|2|.|an|1}}
 | bpmf2 = {{bpmfsp|ㄔㄤˊ|ㄢ}}
 | j2 = Coeng4-on1
 | y2 = Chèuhng-ōn
 | tl2 = Tn̂g-an
 | mc2 = ɖjang-an
 | tp = Si-an
 | tp2 = Cháng-an
 | ci2 = {{IPAc-yue|c|oeng|4|.|o|n|1}}
}}
}}
'''Xi'an'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|ʃ|iː|ˈ|æ|n}} {{respell|shee|AN}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ʃ|iː|ˈ|ɑː|n}} {{respell|shee|AHN}}<ref>{{multiref | {{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Xi'an|access-date=April 14, 2019}} | {{Cite dictionary |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/xian |title=Xi'an |dictionary=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |access-date=April 14, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414100747/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/xian |archive-date=April 14, 2019 |url-status=dead}} | {{Cite dictionary |url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Xian |entry=Xian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414100748/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Xian |date=April 14, 2019 |dictionary=Oxford Living English Dictionary |archive-date=2019-04-14 |url-status=dead}} (US) | {{Cite encyclopedia |title=Xian |encyclopedia=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Xian |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182318/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xian |archive-date=2020-03-22 |url-status=dead}} | {{Cite Merriam-Webster|Xi'an|access-date=April 14, 2019}} }}</ref>{{pb}}{{zh|c=西安|p=Xī'ān}}; {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Zh-Xi'an.ogg|x|i|1|.|an|1}}; [[Postal romanization|alternatively romanized]] as '''Sian''' or '''Hsi-an'''}} is the [[list of capitals in China|capital]] of the Chinese province of [[Shaanxi]]. A [[sub-provincial city]] on the [[Guanzhong]] plain,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43599.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224074859/http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43599.htm |archive-date=December 24, 2014 |access-date=2014-05-17 |publisher=PRC Central Government}}</ref> the city is the third-most populous city in [[Western China]] after [[Chongqing]] and [[Chengdu]], as well as the most populous city in [[Northwestern China]].<ref>{{Cite web |year=2012 |script-title=zh:最新中国城市人口数量排名（根据2010年第六次人口普查） |url=http://www.elivecity.cn/html/yijuyanjiu/yijuyanjiu1/645.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303135707/http://www.elivecity.cn/html/yijuyanjiu/yijuyanjiu1/645.html |archive-date=March 3, 2015 |access-date=2014-05-27 |publisher=www.elivecity.cn |language=zh}}</ref> Its total population was 12.95&nbsp;million as of the 2020 census, including an urban population of 9.28&nbsp;million.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=zh:经济社会发展统计图表：第七次全国人口普查超大、特大城市人口基本情况 |url=http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/qs/2021-09/16/c_1127863567.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917101122/http://www.qstheory.cn/dukan/qs/2021-09/16/c_1127863567.htm |archive-date=September 17, 2021 |access-date=May 3, 2022 |website=Qiushi Online |publisher=CCP Central Committee |language=zh}}</ref>

Known as [[Chang'an]] throughout much of its history, Xi'an is one of China's [[Historical capitals of China|Four Great Ancient Capitals]], having held the position under several of the most important [[dynasties in Chinese history]],<ref name="encarta">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Xi'an |encyclopedia=Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572407/Xi%E2%80%99an.html |access-date=February 6, 2016 |date=September 3, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228105855/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761572407/Xi%E2%80%99an.html |archive-date=February 28, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> including the [[Western Zhou]], [[Qin dynasty|Qin]], [[Western Han]], [[Sui dynasty|Sui]], [[Northern Zhou]] and [[Tang dynasty|Tang]].<ref name="encarta" /> Xi'an is now the second-most popular tourist destination in China.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Xi'an Municipal People's Government |date=15 October 2020 |title=Xi'an Makes a Top Tourist Attraction in National Day Golden Week |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/xian-makes-a-top-tourist-attraction-in-national-day-golden-week-301153806.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503060304/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/xian-makes-a-top-tourist-attraction-in-national-day-golden-week-301153806.html |archive-date=May 3, 2022 |access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref> The city was one of the terminal points on the [[Silk Road]] during the ancient and medieval eras, as well as the home of the 3rd-century&nbsp;BC [[Terracotta Army]] commissioned by Emperor [[Qin Shi Huang]]—both of which are listed as [[World Heritage Site]]s by [[UNESCO]].<ref name="br" />

Since the 1980s, as part of the [[China Western Development|economic growth of inland China]] especially for the central and northwest regions, Xi'an has matured into a cultural, industrial, political and educational, and [[research and development]] hub. Xi'an currently holds [[sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China|sub-provincial]] status, administering 11 districts and 2 counties.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=zh:中央机构编制委员会印发《关于副省级市若干问题的意见》的通知. 中编发[1995]5号 |url=http://www.docin.com/p-51864614.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529084536/http://www.docin.com/p-51864614.html |archive-date=May 29, 2014 |access-date=May 28, 2014 |publisher=Docin |language=zh}}</ref> In 2020, Xi'an was ranked as a Beta- (global second tier) city by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2020 |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html |archive-date=August 24, 2020 |access-date=2021-06-25 |website=Globalization and World Cities Research Network}}</ref> and, according to the country's own ranking, ranked 17th;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-21 |script-title=zh:中国百强城市榜单发布，你的城市上榜了吗？ |url=https://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/2021-05-21/doc-ikmyaawc6745506.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625080732/https://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/2021-05-21/doc-ikmyaawc6745506.shtml |archive-date=June 25, 2021 |access-date=2021-06-25 |publisher=Sina |language=zh}}</ref> it is also one of the world's top 100 financial centers according to the [[Global Financial Centres Index]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=GFCI 36 Rank - Long Finance |url=https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-36-explore-the-data/gfci-36-rank/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=www.longfinance.net}}</ref> Xi'an is ranked by the [[Nature Index]] as one of the top 20 cities globally by scientific research output,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |year=2023 |title=Nature Index 2023 Science Cities |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/overall |publisher=Nature}}</ref> and is home to multiple [[List of universities and colleges in Shaanxi|prestigious educational institutions]], such as [[Xi'an Jiaotong University]], [[Northwestern Polytechnical University]], [[Xidian University]] and [[Northwest University (China)|Northwest University]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2021-10-26 |title=Best Global Universities Rankings in Xi'an |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?city=xian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030172035/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?city=xian |archive-date=October 30, 2021 |access-date=2021-10-26 |work=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=Nature Index 2018 Science Cities |url=https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2018-science-cities/global-city-map |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105025046/https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2018-science-cities/global-city-map |archive-date=November 5, 2021 |access-date=2020-10-15 |publisher=Nature}}</ref>

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