Editing Zebulon Vance (section)

{{Short description|American politician (1830–1894)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name                = Zeb Vance
|image               = Zebulon Baird Vance - Brady-Handy.jpg
|jr/sr               = United States Senator
|state               = [[North Carolina]]
|term_start          = March 4, 1879
|term_end            = April 14, 1894
|predecessor         = [[Augustus S. Merrimon]]
|successor           = [[Thomas Jordan Jarvis|Thomas Jarvis]]
|term1               = '''''[[Unseated members of the United States Congress|Not seated]]<br>1871'''''
|predecessor1        = [[Joseph Carter Abbott|Joseph Abbott]]
|successor1          = [[Matt W. Ransom|Matt Ransom]]
|order2              = 37th and 43rd [[Governor of North Carolina]]
|lieutenant2         = [[Thomas J. Jarvis]]
|term_start2         = January 1, 1877
|term_end2           = February 5, 1879
|predecessor2        = [[Curtis Hooks Brogden|Curtis Brogden]]
|successor2          = [[Thomas Jordan Jarvis|Thomas Jarvis]]
|term_start3         = September 8, 1862
|term_end3           = May 29, 1865
|predecessor3        = [[Henry Toole Clark|Henry Clark]]
|successor3          = [[William Woods Holden|William Holden]]
|state4              = [[North Carolina]]
|district4           = {{ushr|NC|8|8th}}
|term_start4         = December 7, 1858
|term_end4           = March 3, 1861
|predecessor4        = [[Thomas L. Clingman]]
|successor4          = [[Robert B. Vance]] (1873)
|office5             = Member of the [[North Carolina Senate]]
|term_start5         = December 1854
|term_end5           = November 1856
|predecessor5        =
|successor5          = David Coleman
|birth_name          = Zebulon Baird Vance
|birth_date          = {{birth date|1830|5|13}}
|birth_place         = [[Buncombe County, North Carolina|Reems Creek, North Carolina]], U.S.
|death_date          = {{death date and age|1894|4|14|1830|5|13}}
|death_place         = [[Washington, D.C.]], U.S.
|restingplace        = [[Riverside Cemetery (Asheville, North Carolina)|Riverside Cemetery]]
|spouse              = [[Harriett Newell Espy Vance|Harriett Newell Espy]] (1853~1878; her death)<br>[[Florence Steele Martin Vance|Florence Steele Martin]] (m. 1880)
|children            = 5
|parents             = David Vance Jr.<br>[[Mira Margaret Baird Vance|Mira Margaret Baird]]
|party               = [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] (1852–1856)<br>[[Know-Nothing|American]] (1857)<br>Conservative (1862–1868)<br>[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (1868–1894)
|education           = [[University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill]]
|allegiance          = [[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]]
|rank                = [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]
|unit                = [[26th North Carolina Infantry Regiment]]<br>Rough and Ready Guards
|battles             = [[Battle of New Bern]]<br>[[Seven Days Battles]]
|signature           = Signature of Zebulon Baird Vance.jpg
|signature_alt       = Signature of Zebulon Baird Vance
}}
'''Zebulon Baird Vance''' (May 13, 1830&nbsp;– April 14, 1894) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the [[List of governors of North Carolina|37th and 43rd governor of North Carolina]], a [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] from North Carolina, and a [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] officer during the [[American Civil War]].<ref name=":24">{{Cite web |title=Zebulon B. Vance |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zebulon-B-Vance |access-date=April 10, 2022 |website=Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6" />

A prolific writer and noted public speaker, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and [[Reconstruction Era]] periods.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":39">{{Cite book |last=Tucker |first=Glenn |url=https://archive.org/details/zebvancechampion00tuck/page/n11/mode/2up |title=Zeb Vance: Champion of Personal Freedom |publisher=Bobbs-Merrill |year=1966 |location=Indianapolis |language=en |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> As a leader of the [[New South]], Vance favored the rapid modernization of the Southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North.<ref name="Leonard C. Schlup 2003 p 511">Leonard C. Schlup, and James Gilbert Ryan, eds. ''Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age'' (2003) p. 511.</ref> In addition, he frequently spoke out against [[antisemitism]].<ref name=":23">{{Cite news |last=Elliston |first=Jon |date=January 19, 2005 |title=Zeb Vance: No Simple Man |work=Mountain Xpress |url=https://mountainx.com/arts/art-news/0119vance-php/ |access-date=April 10, 2022}}</ref> Considered [[Progressivism|progressive]] by many during his lifetime, Vance was also a slave owner and is now regarded as a racist by some modern historians and biographers.<ref name=":23" /><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Weil |first1=Julie Zauzmer |last2=Blanco |first2=Adrian |last3=Dominguez |first3=Leo |date=January 10, 2022 |title=More than 1,700 congressmen once enslaved Black people. This is who they were, and how they shaped the nation. |language=en |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/interactive/2022/congress-slaveowners-names-list/ |access-date=January 29, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Congress slaveowners |date=January 27, 2022 |url=https://github.com/washingtonpost/data-congress-slaveowners |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=January 29, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Swofford |first=Stan |date=January 21, 2005 |title=UNC-CH Confronts Its Past IN Bell Dispute Family Defends Ancestor After Racism Charges Arise |url=https://greensboro.com/unc-ch-confronts-its-past-in-bell-dispute-family-defends-ancestor-after-racism-charges-arise/article_7fcaefd6-3f30-5d23-a3ea-16a89e8a7a68.html |access-date=May 12, 2023 |website=Greensboro News and Record |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":29" />